1837.] Udayagiri and Khandgiri in Cuttack. 1073 



from his original sketches. It will be remarked that some of them 

 Rre accompanied by symbols similar to those of the western caves in 

 Colonel Sykiss's collection ; but they are frequently destitute of such 

 ornaments, and the general style of the writing is of a purer and 

 therefore more ancient type than that of Sainhadri. 



In my search for some of the catch-words which had proved of 

 such avail in explaining the purport of the inscriptions at Bhilsa and 

 Sainhadri, I could neither meet with the ddnam of the former, nor the 

 dayadhamma of the latter, — but in their stead I remarked a very com- 

 mon if not constant termination in a word of two syllables -Jj_* 

 lonam, or ^J_J_* ienam preceded in most instances by the genitival 

 affix (\j sa ; and in the only case, as of exception, by an equally 

 regular genitive r\j | Jt sirino, from the noun siri (Sanskrit root ^ffc 

 gen. ^ftfc^:) : a worshipper of the sun. It was not until after 

 many futile attempts with the pandit to find a better, that we were led 

 to the supposition that the words lonam or lenam, must be the Pali 

 equivalent for the Sanskrit participial noun^l«f lunam, ' cut or excavat- 

 ed ;' in this the vowel is changed from u to o, and the n from the dental 

 to the Prakrit cerebral : — but in sound it must be confessed that there 

 is little difference ; while in sense, the term satisfies precisely the cir- 

 cumstances of the Udayagiri caves, which are generally small holes 

 cut with the chisel from the solid rock — a stone of loose consistency 

 easily worked with the rudest tools. 



The catch- word once attained, the reading of this new string of 

 inscriptions was an easy matter. 



The first then, which occurs in a cave now called the " snake cave" 

 at Udayagiri (hill of the rising sun) reads thus: 



No. 1. Chulakamasa Kothdjaydcha. 

 lt The impregnable or unequalled chamber of Chulakauma." 

 Kotha is precisely the ^TB" koshtha ' an apartment.' The conjunction 

 cha shews that the sense is incomplete, but the continuation on the 

 sides of the same door (No. 2) is in bad preservation ; viz. 

 No. 2. Kamase.. . rikhi nay ache pasdde. 

 "and the appropriate temple (or palace) of Karma.... {rishi?)" 

 only changing pas&dah * favor' into pasadah (S. TN^T^/) palace. 



No. 3, on the cave now called that of the tiger, reads as follows : 

 Ugara avedasa sasuvino lonam. 

 11 excavated by (of) Ugra Aveda (the antivedist) (?) the sasuvin?" 

 No. 4, on an adjoining cave is equally unintelligible. 



Mdpdmaddti bdkdya yandkiyasa lonam. 

 " The excavation of Yana'kiya for t 



