182 
FOREST AND STREAM 
nor nlUalin?; it also resists in great measure the action of corroding 
fumes. Unlike linseed oil, it Is cold by nature, and cannot generate 
spontaneous heat. The experience or years Inis proved it is next to im¬ 
possible to remove it from any line or fabric when once applied. Fish 
lines water-proofed by paraffine will run much belter through the guides, 
always having a smooth surface, never leaving the line.or net till the 
same is actually worn out. Sportsmen need have no fear of reeling up 
a line wet or damp, or leaving it from day to day in a moist condition as 
they are proof against fungi or mildew, Farnffioo prevents the forma¬ 
tion of animalcule and fungi, or mould, If dark spotft appear, they arise 
from the decomposition of the gluten, generally used at some stages of 
the manufacture of the liues or fabrics. The preparation remains per¬ 
manently united with the fibre. Articles treated by it will not grow ten¬ 
der nfter a lapse of time: a permanent increase of strength and security 
5s imparled to them; all colors are given a deeper and richer shade, and 
made fast. C. Toppan. 
TWIN LAKES. 
Canaan, Ct. f April 18th, 1876. 
Editor Forest and Stream:— 
g The Twin Lakes were open at le&Et two weeks earlier than usual, and 
are now as clear of ice as In mid-summer. Day before yesterday there 
■we'e “lots” of ducks on the larger lake, sbelldrakes, black ducks, &c., 
but next day tbev departed. Quite n good many have been shot by 
different and indifferent sportsmen, and some wild ceese have been seen, 
but; too wildly out of range for anything but a ride shot. Considerable 
fishing hns been done through the ice. and with good success—the pick¬ 
erel or larger size and more numerous than for many years—thanks to 
the successful efforts to put a stop to the depredations of the spearmen, 
Hie Sailsbnry Game Pro'ccting Company, taking the lead inibegocd 
work. So far hot a torch-light has been seen on either of the “Twins,” 
though in former years dozens of them might be observed from where 1 
write, in a single night. 
Trout fag began in good earnest on the 15th (the law being off at that 
date in Cnnnecticnl) and onr resident artist took three dozen, which 
weighed five ponnds; it, will he seen that there were no fiu'geriiogs in the 
lot. The day before, Friday, ho tried the hooks over the border, in Berk¬ 
shire county, Mas?., where the law has been off since the 20th of March, 
and hooked out four brace that measured about ten inches each: audit 
is odd that the four brooks fished gave him a brace each, viz : Sages 
Ravine, Schnopp brook, Cauda brook, and Bartholomew brook, all nice 
streams when the water is not too high or too losv. For ourself, we 
made an early start on the afternoon of Friday, paid a visit to our young 
friend Corbin, of the Union Hotel, Canaan, (and a bill of $1.50 for sup¬ 
per, hod, and breakfast) and were off at 6 o’clock next morning on Conn. 
Western Railroad, to We6t Norfolk statton, and were iu sight of the 
stream, on a not v*»ry genial April morning soon after sunrise. Arrang¬ 
ing onr tackle at the little one horse depot by a good fire, (!) we were 
soon on the stream, and— presto !—out came our first trout of the season, 
in less time than it takes to write the words. The “lake" was not large 
in number or weight, and as the suu got higher, the snow and 
ice from old “Haystack Mountain,“ began .to.pour into the already swol¬ 
len stream, there was no more fish on lhe rise for that day. Hoping 
(angler like) for better luck, by goiug farther, we footed it across lots to 
“Roaring Brook,” that comes with a hop, skip, and jump, down the 
north side of Canaan Mountain, and found the stream on the extreme 
rampage, flooding its banks and the meadows, and with minature 
glaciers spanning its ravines, and no trouting to speak of, unless In very 
emphatic terms. In a month or 60 it may do to try it agfun, but not till 
“ily time” will these turbulent brooks be in all their glory of picturesque 
and piscatorial beauty; and not till their tributaries are stocked anew 
Will thoy afford sport as in the olden times, when we (old 67) could go 
out of a morning and catch with the rudest tackle, from ten to twenty 
fine trout out of any decent “hole,” with scarcely water enough to cover 
their back fins. 
To return to onr Twins, our State Commissioners paid ns a visit this 
F. M., and placed some ten thousand Salma confinis into Lake Wan shin¬ 
ing, or in the brooks that run into it rather, and jL la hoped that these 
and ihe 4,000 lake-trout we helped put into it a year ago, will begin to 
tell in the way of legitimate sport. The same number were placed iu the 
Lakeville Lake—Mon on-scop-o-moc—and if it can be stocked, this is a 
good beginning. Yours piscatorially. Jit-say. 
||7/a §jmtieL 
WIDE RANGING DOGS. 
T HE question 1 ‘How can 1 break my dog from rauging 
too widely?” is one which is frequently asked us. 
In answer let us say that this fault may be overcome with 
some dogs entirely without punishment or speaking a word 
to them. And as an instance of the effect of the remedy 
we allude to, many years ago, while residing at Trenton, 
N. J-, the late Edward Gardner, of Boston, visited us for 
the purpose of having a week’s shooting, and had with 
him a large-sized black and white setter named “Gull.” 
No doubt some of the older sportsmen of Trenton will 
remember Mr. G. and his dog “Gull.” This dog was one 
of those wide Tanging, high self-willed fellows who kept 
his master almost constantly calling in his loudest voice in 
order to keep him anywhere within proper distance, and 
the constant bellowing for "Gull” we could only endure a 
day or two. When we suggested to our friend that unless 
he intended to wake Ihe dead of that neighborhood he had 
better stop bellowing for “Gull," “well,” said he, “what 
In thunder am I to do? don’t you see that as soon as ‘Gull’ 
gets into covert he is gone out of sight and hearing?” 
“Now,” said we, “let us ask you one question; Does he 
not, when he gets off and lost from you try to find you 
again?" “Oh, ves," he replied, "as soon as he finds he 
cannot hear me call he commences to look for me 
very earnestly.” "Now,” said we, “let us keep on losing 
him until he gets tired of that kind of thing." So we 
started in to cover, and kept cliauging our direction from 
time to time, and then slopping until he would find 
us, and the consequence was that before the end of tbat 
day he (“Gull") was thoroughly broken of his disagreeable 
habit, and worked as well as could be wished. 
In breaking a young dog he should bo made to obey the 
■Whistle, and turn at the first sound of it. Some young 
dogs are so fleet and rash as to require to attach to them a 
stout check cord heavy enough to check their speed and 
tire them down. Few dogs, however, are too fast, if they 
have good noses and are staunch on game. Many persons 
judge of the speed of their dogs before they have time to 
run off the wiry edge. We have frequently taken to the 
field those runaway fellows, but not one of ten of litem 
■will keep up the gait more than three or four hours. 
— Mr. Gitas. E. Bancroft, of Baltimore, has icceived 
from Mr. John M. Niall, of Killaloc, Connty Clare, Ireland, 
a pair of fine red Irish setter puppies, Guy and Bess, pur¬ 
chased through Mr. Dawson, our Consul at Queenstown. 
Mr. Niall writes regarding these dogs, “that there is no 
strain now etc!ant that has the double cross of Hutchinson's 
famed Bob but his; and that purer, nor heller blood never 
crossed the Atlantic." They are full brother and sister, 
though of a different litter, to Mr. Jarvis’ Kathleen. - Guy 
and Bess have been duly placed in the Kennel Register, 
—Dr. 8. Fleet Speir, of Brooklyn, has one of the finest 
kennels of Gordon setters in the country. Visitors at 
Springfield will have an opportunity of inspecting them. 
They are all registered in the Kennel Register. 
—Mr. Theodore Morford, of Newton, N. J., whose strain 
of orange and white sellers are unequalled in this or any 
other country, visits Springfield with Don, a son of the 
celebrated Shipman’s Joe, May, and Puss. 
The Springfield Show.—As our paper is put to press 
on Wednesday morning we, of course, can give no par¬ 
ticulars regarding the great Bench Show of the Springfield 
Rod and Gun Club, more Ilian to notice the fact that a 
large party of gentlemen left this city on Tuesday after¬ 
noon with their dogs, and tbat delegations were en route 
from every part of the country. New England will be 
particularly strong in representation, A very successful 
show is anticipated. 
—Mr. Win. Jarvis, of Claremont, N.H., has had the 
misfortune to loose his fine imported Irish setter bitch Vic, 
full sister to Shamrock. She died on the 11th iust. Mr. 
Jarvis hud succeeded iu getting her to work nicely on game, 
and.aim promised to be an extraordinary good one as well 
as very handsome. 
—Mr. C.F. Demuth, of Fort Dodge, Iowa, has sold his 
Irish bitch Kelpie, by Rufus out of Frieud, to H. W. 
Ganse, of Wilmington, Del. 
THE IRISH SETTER. 
Savannah, Ga., March I8tii, T87€>. 
Editor Forest and Streak 
In your pap jr of Ihe 31th February “Nimrod" took up tile gauntlet in 
reply to my article on the Question of the color of the Irish setter, 
which appeared in your columns on the 10th of the same month, and, 
like many o'thcra, he claims red as the only color which Lhe true Irish 
setter bears. At the same time he left hitnself unguarded on many 
points of his argument, thereby exposing himself to tbe home thrusts 
of any sportsman who had ever seen one of the “pnre type," or who 
has ever read the oldest writers on the subject. He is much mistaken 
when lie says: “1 imagine every setter bred in Ireland to be nn Irish 
setter.” 1 no more consider such to be the caso than I do an English¬ 
man born in Ireland to be an Irishman. Any sportsmau who lias ever 
seen an Irish setter or pure blood would never fail to know one wher¬ 
ever met, be his color either black, orauge or white. He differs as mnch 
from an English or Scotch setter as the respective breeds of greyhounds 
do from each other. In truth, be is what may be termeda gentleman dog, 
and always shows his nobility no matter what may be tbc color or his coal 
or how ragged it seems. To a sportsman there is something iu a pure 
Iiish setterWhich can be seen and felt, hut cannot be described. But I 
am digressing from my point. What, may 1 ask, did Stonehenge, one 
of "Nimrod's" authorities, know about the Irish setter! He did not 
exist during Ireland’s best days, in the times of Irish gentlemen, and 
when their strains of setters were noted all over Europe for their in¬ 
telligence and purity of blood, but years afterwards, when the Irish¬ 
man's place was tilled by foreigners, ana not till thou did his works ap 
pear, and of what were they made up so far as they relate to the Irish 
setter? of opinions formed on those of other men, Horn letters which 
appeared in the Loudon Field, from statements of gentlemen who per 
haps owned dogs themselves, or whose friends possessed them of the 
color in question, and, of course, nothing was left unsaid in its favor. 
We do not find him referring to other writers, or giving any authority in 
favor of his assertion, merely mentioning red to be the color, leaving 
every one to select his own peculiar shade from the crimson, or blood 
red, to a dark liver. 1 am well aware that Stonehenge is considered the 
standard English authority on this subject, but even that does not prove 
his statements to lie correct, and the same may be applied to other writ¬ 
ers of the present day. When authors are engaged upon any subject 
which is intended to interest their readers, they must to a certain extent 
adopt public eentiment, otherwise their woids will not please them. 
For instance, a Frenchman writing on the Franco-Prussian war would 
not say Frauce was in the wrong, but should a German treat upon the 
same subject it would he the reverse. We, therefore, who are really 
interested in any matter must, of conrse, seatch well for authority, and 
on it base our judgment, but that authority must be reliable. Now I d 
us see how Stonehenge stands as an authority. He says Ihe hair of the 
setter must be coarse, but gives no reason, no authority for the aseertiott. 
Now we all know that all spaniels from the Irish setter to the King 
Charles have fine wavy hair, while that of the English seller is also flue. 
This dog. according lo writers before Stonehenge, was a cross between 
' the Spanish pointer and Irish setter, and is indebted to the latter for Us 
fine, soft coat.- Feel the hair of a sel ler whelp and that of a pointer 
cue, and see in whose favor the decision will be made. In this matter, 
then, I do not consider Stonehenge nn authority. Again, his authority 
says liver color Is a low gnde indicating a cross of the water spaniel or 
pointer, and gives no authority In this instance; and herein he is wrong. 
In the first place there ate no liver colored pointers or spaniels. They 
are. however, of different shades of brown, called liver, and before they 
shed their hair their color changes, becoming, as it were, faded, the 
brown having the appearance of a dirty orange, thus showing that their 
color is made np of orange, red, and black. The true liver color belongs 
to but one dog, and that dog Is the Irish setter, for when he sheds his 
hair it turns but lighter in color, and shows no orange. The liver color 
of the Irish setter cannot be made up. We conid not obtain it by cross¬ 
ing the light red and black, for Ihnt would have an orange tint. The 
theory of Stonehenge might stand did we have, or could we obtain, a 
poiuter or spaniel of a pure liver color, and did all of his first-class 
colors belong to no other dogsave the setter. This wo know is not Ihe 
caso for all colors of the setter, but liver can be counterfeited. Let us see 
in what manner 1 his may be done, lairing first the American reds, called 
Irish, all shades, from a cigar bnx to a light crimson Cross ail orange 
setter with u brown water spaniel or pointer, and by judicious culling 
yon will obtain any shade betweeu those mentioned Tills I have seen 
myself, where u solid biowu poiuter hitch crossed with an orange and 
white dog produeeu light red whelps. Next, the blood led of the latest 
importations. Cross the liver Irish wilb the orange and you will have 
the red which indicates fin Irish setter of the purest blood, according to 
Stonehenge, atl the later authorities, and owners of such dogs. Next, 
the orange, frost an orange pointer and setter, mid yon wilt have that 
color in all its perfection. Bbonld you have no such pointer, donhtless 
a number of curs could be found winch would fill Ihe figure. Next, the 
black nnrl tan. Gross the coiley, the bound, Or thu bright red dog with 
a black one and yon will produce this fine color. Again, I he black and 
white. Yon can find water , spaniels, Newfoundlands, springers, cock¬ 
ers, pointers, fifiil any number of curs which will answer your purpose 
and produce these colors. 
According to these facts, then, the authority of Stonehenge does not 
hold good. What do the writers who lived a hundred years ago say on 
tbe subject? They wrote the popular opinion of that day, nud for want 
of older proof to the contrary, wo will have to accept them as authority 
on the subject of color. They say the Irish setter, to be pure, must of 
necessity bo a deep chestnut. There is no person but will have to admit 
lhat the frnit of the chestnut tree is a dark red, and that when I fie wot d 
deep is applied to the color, it means i fie deepest shade it ever arrives 
at. The height of red is crimson; it lightest shades fade to while, acd 
its darkest deepen into black. Deep chestnut, therefore, means the 
darkest shade of red, which is liver color. Tho Old authorities do not 
admit of any other shadeof this color, nor do they take any man's dog 
as a standard, but merely refer to several Irish sportsmen who kept 
their dogs pure. 
Mr. Knox, one of Stonehenge’s authorities, stales that white should 
appear on ouly the breast and forehead, and this is also contrary to what 
the old writers say on the subject. "Nimrod” says that Frank Forester 
is not looked upon as nn authority, and yet v'e find the English judges 
referred to by Stonehenge quoting Forester’s opinions. Stonehenge 
places color according to merit, taking orange ami white first, and ‘hi: 
Belton Greys fourth. To-day Ihe English judges place Lhe latter ntlhe 
head of the list, thus showing tbat, the opinion on color is, like Ibe 
wind, extremely variable, blowiugin one direction to-day, in nnoilier to¬ 
morrow. “Nimrod” quotes Stonehenge as an authority, find at the same 
time condemns and contradicts himself; for Stonehenge does not admit 
red in ail its shades, with more or less white, which ‘-Nimrod" dots, 
without any authority for such a statement that I am aware of. 
“Nimrod" Bays the man who buys a liver and while do/may look J 
to tbe purity of bis kennel, forgetting tlmt liver is Hue of the shades of I 
red, and according to his statement, lhat red in all Us shade* is the color j 
of the Irish setter. Who are tbe parties who claim red only as tbe color 
of the pure Irish setter? In a majority of inslances they are the own- I 
era of lhe red dog of the present day, and would have us believe no hill- I 
er color is pure suve tbat which their own dogs bear. When lliey claim 1 
tbat particular red only as pure, they condemn their own dogs, for it is V 
only by crossing the orange w-ich the pure liver-colored Irish setter lhat I 
this color can bo obtained, and if orange is not a color belonging to I he 1 
Irish setter, then an tbe red dogs which are called Irish are mongrels, I 
The English breeders no doubt produced ihis particular color by care ■ 
and attention in breeding, for we cannot find any mention made of it itl-M 
the old writers. Those or tbe' present day speak mostly of this color in- j 
referring to dogs which were bred iu England, but the fuel of their hav- | 
ing been bred Lhereis no proof of their purity: for if English breeders 1 
will deliberately make mongrels of their setters and pointers, il cannot ■ 
be expected they would preserve the Irish setter pure. 
lhave seen many red dogs, native and imported, called pure Irish set- I 
tors which differed from the English seller only in color, which i * the J 
only point by which unscrupulous dealers are enabled to sell them as I 
pure Irish setters. Many of our sportsmen are taken In by foreign ns 
well as domestic breeders, thinking that ail red setter-fare Irish, not mm I 
in a hundred knowing tbe difference between tbe Irish and English Jog. | 
"Nimrod” says it has beon the practice of some dealers to sell to sports¬ 
men dogs of all colors as the pure Irish setters, giviugno further evi- I 
deuce than tlieir own word which is as genuine us the dog they sell. 
This niay be so, but such dealers sell at least ten red mongrels for Irish I 
setters to one of any other breed, the coiof helping them in the fraud. t 
Should an honest dealer procure a brace of the finest chestnut nr liver¬ 
ied Irish setters coming up In every point to show the purity of their f 
blood, tho very same dealers "Nimrod" rc ers to would condemn them 1 
at sight, on account of their color, saying they were impure; tlmt their J 
sterns were too short, their ears too much cov L red with hair; lhat by 
reading the latest authorities on the subject you would find ihcm to be I 
but water spaniels; and finally that tbe Irish setter should he rod—a I 
bright golden red—as “Nimrod” expresses himself, which expression J 
won id apply very welt to thedog, but not to the deep chuetunt color. In 3 
this way would tbe dog of pare extraction be condemned that Ihe golden I 
red mongrels might be advanced, and as nineteen oat of twenl.v purcha¬ 
sers know nothing of thedog, except what lliey have road and heard from. J 
their friends, who perhaps are the owners of some of these goldeu reds, 1 
lliey are not only token in and imposed upon, but are at till limes ready 1 
to condemn every other man's dog which does not come up to thelr's in 
color, and to come out in public print and coll any man a knave or a fool 1 
who asserts that »u Irish setter is or may be or aoy other color than led 
or red and white, forgetting to add the orange or golden lint, or lhat lb 
is from that color—tho orange—that it gets its brightness. Did our 
sportmen study theanalomy of tho dog more than his color (here would I 
be better dogB in our country und less chance lo commit fraud. 
The color of the Irish setter, according to the oldest and therefore the 1 
best au-horities on lire subject, w as red, or red anil white of a deep J 
chestnut—that is. according to the definition of tire words deepand I 
chestnut, t he darkest shades of red are meant, those of old dark mubog- -j 
any or the color of a beef liver. Compare these and n chestnut of the I 
darkest hne, arid I think you will admit I urn correct. The old author!, 
ties do not admit that red alone iu all its shades is lo be accepted a* a 
show ing the true Irish setter. Black, blnck and wbiLc, orange, und or¬ 
ange and white are equally pnre colors, for the same means which 
changed the color from a deep chestnut or liver-red to all the lighter 
shades of red, wouldalso change these, and there tre lo day a greater | 
number of pure black and black and white setters, especially tho fonner, I 
which are iu their anatomy finer specimens of the Irish setter than score* I 
of those which are red and red and while amlcalled by tire- same name. 
The liver red and the black are, I think, the two colors In wlrtclrla-day ■ 
the pure Irish setter is found, for the reason that the first cannot be imi- , 
tated, and tbe latter has not been tampered with by lliu English breed- 
era Imlf as much as tbe orange UDd red of lighter shades. The blood 1 
red became fashionable only on account of its beauty, and breeders re- i 
sor ed at once to such crossing lo seen re it. that Mr. Litverack uiieUt 
we.l have said the grand oldlribh setter hud degenerated when, tbronitk 
ignorance or intention, me pure dog was passed by and the mongrel of 
(me or two shades lighter would be regarded as u perfect, type of purity. • 
Has "Nimrod" ever seen a pure liver-red dog? If he find. 1 do not think 
he would a (firm that water spaniels had such a colot in all Us perfection. | 
Had he read Thornhill and the older authorities of a hundred yens ago, . 
then examined a dark chestnut and a piece of fresh liver, and I hen re- 
ferred to Webster’s definition of the word deep, bo would not have tried 
lo have the shades lighter than nature intended them lo be, or Os they l 
were described by the older aathors, bat would have left out the gulden , 
lint, and confined bimseif strictly to the deep chestnut Htitcliinson‘4 
"Bob" was a magnificent specimen of the blood red Irish seller, hat it 
was a hundred years before his dajs. and when be became so noted in 
Europe, that Ireluudwus famous for her setters, mid it is to rinse itfuea 
and their writers tbat we must refer to Bud out what the pnrelrisb set- I 
ter should bo. 
“Nimrod” refers also to lettersin the London Fieht from, as he says. I 
the most noted of the Dish breeders. Are tl.oy bearing ibe mimes or 
those who made Ireland noted for her setters, or are they Irish only by 
adoption? They must certainly he the latter, for I doubt if there are 
many of the descendants of those old Irish families who pride them- 
selves on Ihe pnriiy of their setters who are now In a condition to fob . 
low in Ihe footsteps of tbuir forefathers, ne might as well have rerer- I 
red to English breeders in England as English breeders in Ireland. « 
Their opinions running to the eiime direction, they follow fashion, 
can in no wuy b.coine identified wUb the noted Irish breeders of a 
tnrv ago “Nimrod" says ibis subject lias caused quite a nnmber of 
leltms In be published in this country and in Europe, in this I ugtee 
