304 
FOREST AND STREAM 
A WEEKLY JOURNAL, 
Dbvotkd to Field and Aquatic Spouts, Practical Natubal History, 
Eisu^Oolturb, the Protection op Game,Preservation of Forests, 
Airn the Inculcation in Men and Women oj* a healthy interest 
IN Out-door Recreation and Study : 
PUBLISHED BY 
Rarest and Pireattj publishing &omyatflj, 
-AT- 
17 CHATHAM STREET, (CITY HALL SQUARE) NEW YORK, 
[Rost Office Box 2833.] 
Term*, Fl*e Dollar* a Year, Strictly In Advance. 
A discount of twenty-five percent, allowed for five copies and upwards. 
Advertising Rate*. 
In regular advertising columns, nonpareil type, 12 lines to the inch, 25 
CentB per line. Advertisements on outside page, 40centsperline. Reading 
notices, 50 cents per line. Where advertisements are inserted over 1 
month, a discount of 10 per cent, will he made; over three months, 20 
percent,; over six months, 30 per cent. 
NEW YORK, THURSDAY, JUNE 15, 1876. 
To Correspondents. 
All communications whatever, whether relating to easiness or literary 
correspondence, must be addressed to The Fobbst and Stheam Pub¬ 
lishing Company. Personal or private letters of course excepted. 
All communications intended for pnblicationmnst be accompanied with 
real name, as a guaranty of good faith. Names will not be published if 
objection be made. No anonymous contributions will be regarded. 
Articles relating to any topic within the scope of this paper are solicited. 
We cannot promise to return rejeoted manuscripts. 
Secretaries of Clubs and Associations are nrged to favor ub with brief 
notes of their movements and transactions, as it is the aim of this paper 
to become a medium of nscfnl and reliable information between gentle¬ 
men sportsmen from one end of the country to the other; and they will 
And our columns a desirable medium for advertising announcements. 
The Publishers of Forest and Stream aim to merit and secure the 
patronage and countenance of that portion of the community whoso re¬ 
fined intelligence enables them to properly appreciate and enjoy all that 
Is boantirui in Nature. It will pander to no depraved tastes, nor pervert 
the legitimate sports or land and water to those base uses which always 
tend to make them unpopular with the virtuous and good. No advertise¬ 
ment or bnsiness notice of an immoral character will be received on any 
terms; and nothing will be admitted to any department of the paper that 
may not be read with propriety in the home circle. 
We cannot be responsible for the dereliction of the mail eervice, if 
money remitted to us is lost. 
Advertisements should be sent in by Saturday of each week, if possible. 
CIIARLBS HALLOCK, 
Editor and Bnsiness Manager. 
CALENDAR OF EVENTS FOR THE COM¬ 
ING WEEK. 
Thobbday, June 15th.— Racing: Jerome Park. Trotting: Buffalo, 
Elmita, Homer and Khinebeck, N. Y„ Point Breeze Park, Philadel¬ 
phia, Grand Rapids, Midi. Rifle: Spring Meeting Syracuse R. A. Pig¬ 
eon Shooting Tournament: Toledo, Ohio. Regatta: Bergen Yacht Club. 
Base-Ball: Mutual vs. Chicago, at Brooklyn; Boston vs. St. Louis, at 
Boston, Athletic vs. Cincinnati, at Philadelphia; Hartford vs. Lonie- 
vllle, at Hartford; Arlington vs. Rhode Island, at Providence, R. I.; 
Chatham vs. Brooklyn, at Capitoline Ground; Orange vs. Princeton Col¬ 
lege, at Princeton; Continental vs. Riverside, at Prospect Park. 
Friday, June 16th.—Trotting: Grand Rapids, Mich.; Pontiac, Mich,, 
Peru, Ind. Pigeon Shooting Tournament: Toledo, Ohio. Base-Ball: 
Eagle vs. Nassau, at Brooklyn; Chatham vs. Hoboken, at Hoboken; 
Brooklyn vs. Mutual, at Brooklyn. 
Saturday, June 17th.—Racing^ Jerome Pork. Trotting: Peru, Ind.-, 
Pontiac, Midi. Regatta: Dorchester Y'acht Club,-Banker Hill Yacht. 
Club Review; Harlem River Rowing Association Regatta; Scbnylkill 
Navy Regatta; Pioneer Boat Club, Brooklyn. Base-Ball: Mutual vs. 
Chicago, at Brooklyn, E. D.; Boston vs. St. Louis, at Boston; Athletic 
vs. Cincinnati, at Philadelphia; Hartford vs. Louisville, at Hurtford; 
Produce Exchange vs. Staten Island, at Capitoline; Osceola ve. St. 
Cloud, of Orange, at Prospect Park; Wionua vs. Nameless, at Prospect 
Park, Brooklyn; Orange vs. Resolute, of Elizabeth, at Orange; Madison 
vs. Athletic (of East N. Y.), at Capitoline; Jasper vs. Athletic, at Man¬ 
hattan College Ground. 
Monday, Juno 19tli.—Trotting: Belmont Park, Philadelphia. 
Tuesday, June 20th.—Trotting: Syracuse, N. Y.; Jackson, Mich.; 
Poughkeepsie, N. Y.; Terre Haute, Ind.; Beacon Park, Boston. Rifle: 
Competiton at Creedmoor for places on Irish Match team. Base-Ball: 
Chelsea vs. Olympic, at Paterson; Orange vs. Arlington, or New York, 
at Orango. 
Wednesday, June 21st.-Trotting as above. Meeting of Mass. Anglers' 
Association, Boston. Rifle: Competition at Creedmoor. Ohio State 
Asssociation for Protection of FiBh and Game meets at Cincinnati. 
To Patrons in Arrears.— In view of the change in the 
business management of this paper, we beg those who are 
in arrears for subscriptions and advertisements to pay up at 
once, so that we may square accounts to June 1st, and 
wipe off the old slate. 
jgp Hereafter we shall stop our paper two weeks after 
the term of subscription expires, without farther notifica- 
—A request by the Editor of the Department of Natu¬ 
ral History in this paper that correspondents should sign 
their own uames to articles they sendhim, has been misinter¬ 
preted as applying to articles in general through all the 
departments. We do not dosire the full names of our 
writers, except for our personal use and their own advan¬ 
tage. 
GAME PROTECTION. 
The Close Time for Woodcock. —AVc havo replied to 
a considerable number of queries as to any change in the 
close season for woodcock, to the effect that, as the pro¬ 
posed amendments to the game laws had not passed the 
Assembly, they remaiued as in force last year. We now 
learn that the supervisors of several counties have made 
regulations altering the close time for woodcock. Among 
thorn, we are informed, are Oneida and Lewis counties, in 
which the close season has been extended until September 
1st, and in Oswego till July 15th. Wo wereawarollial 
some time since a bill passed the Assembly giving to the 
Boards of Supervisors of various counties the power to 
make such local regulations as would result in the better 
protection of their fish and game, but did not know that it 
reached to the extent of nullifying the Stale laws regard¬ 
ing close seasons. If such is the case, and if each county 
is to have its own game laws, ourJegislatora at Albany need 
trouble themselves no more about them, and sportsmen, 
when taking the field, can provide themselves with an ex¬ 
tra wagon to carry the different enactments. The game 
laws of this State are already too heavily burdened with 
enactments and amendments relating to particular locali¬ 
ties, and the sooner they are all done away with 
and one general simple law passed the better. In the mean¬ 
time we would suggest to the Boards of Supervisors, who 
have made their local regulations to conflict with the 
State laws, that they show an equal amount of activity in 
enforcing them. 
West Jersey Game Protective Society, —Periodically, 
inquiry is made by our readers as to the functions and ope¬ 
rations of this society, against which there seems to be an 
unreasonable prejudice and opposition. This is due main¬ 
ly to ignorance, and the apparent inability to comprehend 
the objects and prerogatives of the society, and the char¬ 
acter of the charter under which it works. We are in¬ 
debted to the Atlantic DemoouU, published at Egg Harbor 
City, for a clean and satisfactory statement, which is in 
the main a repetition of what was printed in Forest and 
Stream in October, 1875. We quote:— 
“The society was organized and incorporated for a two¬ 
fold purpose: To protect the harmless birds and the feath¬ 
ery as well as nimble game yet found in the southern 
county, also to protect our citizens (especially farmers) 
from the damage formerly inflicted by foreign marauding 
hunters, who came out from the cities to shoot and scare 
away the agriculturist’s best friends, and in so doing 
trampled down fields and tore down fences, besides shoot¬ 
ing or stealing strange poultry. The argument is often 
made that under the charter of the W. J. G. P. A., dis¬ 
tinction is made between the citizens of New Jersey and 
of other States, prohibiting citizens of oilier Stales from 
enjoying the same benefits with those from this. The 
charter requires all non-residents to take out certificates at 
the cost of five dollars the first year and two dollars every 
succeeding year. The only requirements to membership 
are the payment of dues, and as no election is necessary, 
it is not possible to exclude any person from membership 
on the ground of prejudice or dislike. The funds of the 
society are derived from the membership dues, and after 
defraying all current expenses, the charter of the society 
requires the balance of the funds to be expended in the 
purchase of fish and game. This game and fish is distrib¬ 
uted among the diffeient members, over the six counties 
which are included in the charter, as evenly as possible. 
In addition to llie above, the society uses every possible 
means in its power to prevent the shooting of game and 
fishing out of season." 
New Jersey. —Our Barnegat correspondent writes:— 
“Our new law for the protection of fish went into effect 
on June 1st. No more pounds and gill nets. Only to be 
set at night. We anticipate plenty of weak-fish on the 
strength of it.” Kinsey. 
Ohio.— The Ohio State Association for the Preservation 
of Game and Fish, of which Hon. Thos. A. Logan is Pres¬ 
ident, will meet in State convention on Wednesday, June 
31st. We trust that sportsmen throughout the Statu will 
by their presence show the interest they take in the society 
and its work. The game laws of Ohio, and particularly 
the sections referring to trespass, are by no means all that 
could be desired, and very important business will be 
brought before the convention. This association already 
has the reputation of being a working body, meeting for 
the purpose of discussing the direct objects of its organiza¬ 
tion. The effects will soon be apparent. 
- ■ 
—An honest and humble admirer says. “I have been a 
subscriber to your paper since it started, and must say I 
have gained a great deal of information in regard to fish¬ 
ing, although 1 was under the impression that I was well 
posted, being an old fly-fisher, always dressing my own 
flies." To whom we reply with equal humility, that no 
one person can know everything. We must all learn from 
each other. 
—In the schooner race of the Seawanhaka Yacht Club, 
on Tuesday, course twenty miles to windward from Sandy 
Hook and return, the Palmer, Caplain Kutherford Stuyve- 
sant, won first prize in the first class, and the Idler, Captain 
Colgate, second. In the second class the Peerless took 
first prize, and the Estelie second. The other starters 
were the Rambler, Dreadnaughl, Meta, and Ariel. 
—While woodcraft is a good thing, it is better not to de¬ 
pend too much upon one’s self. An old backwoods hunter 
who has been a surveyor for fifteen years says: “I never 
I travel in the woods without a compass." A compass often 
proves a most serviceable friend; it brings you food, fire, 
comfort, and a home. 
OUR CENTENNIAL LETTERS—NO. 2. 
THE CLIFF HDIN8 OF THE SOUTHWEST. 
T the extreme northern end of the Government build- I 
ing—my writing Agricultural building last week I 
was a slip of the pen—ilio United States Geological Survey I 
of the Territories under Dr. F. V. Hayden and Major 
Powell has a large exhibit of the results of its work. This 
comprises a series of the many volumes of information is- I 
sued, a large number of photographs on glass set into the 
window, and very many sketches in water color, India ink 
and pencil of western scenery and Indian life. Many of 
these sketches arc from the facile hand of W. H. Holmes, 
one of Dr. Hayden’s assistant geologists and draughtsmen, 
and others were made by W. H. Jackson, who for six 
years has been photographer of the Survey, and has ac- I 
complished wonders in securing largo pictures in the field. I 
Major Powell’s illustrations are mainly from photographs, I 
ami sketches by himself along the caiion of the great I 
Colorado. These illustrations were mostly of the present 1 
condition and antiquities of those interesting tribes of I 
semi-civilized Indiani, remnants of which still exist I 
throughout Now Mexico and Arizona, living in settled vil- I 
luges, and subsisting by agriculture rather than the chase. I 
When, in 1874, 1 was attached to the United States Geo- I 
logical Survey, it was my good fortune to accompany Mr. i 
Jackson in a search for the very ruins which are repre- I 
sented here—and lo find them in ilia deep canons of the 1 
rivers which drain into the Rio San Juan from the north- I 
Woodcuts lakeu from three of these photographs I am I 
able to present with this letter, through the courtesy of I 
Dr. Hayden, whose best ambition is to disseminate the I 
knowledge he is able to acquire among those who have not I 
his grand opportunities. This region lies along the south- I 
ern boundary of Colorado and Utah, and is at the north- I 
ern edge of the great plateau or mmi verde which, cut by I 
deep gorges, stretches southward across Arizona. We be- I 
gan to come upon the remains of villages, where the I 
ground was strewn with fragments of pottery, and the I 
foundations were often visible, as soon as we left the I 
mountains, but not until wo bad advanced southward a I 
considerable distance did we find any structures remaining. I 
These were of two classes: those in the valley, and those I 
on the cliffs. Photographs of both are exhibited, and they I 
represent to some extent two different eras in the history I 
of the ancient people who built them; the ruins on the I 
bottoms in general being much older than those in the I 
cliffs. The whole lower valley of each one of the streams I 
alluded to above, is filled with these remains, and was 1 
once the scene of a populous life, although now totally de- I 
serted by permanent inhabitants. The ruins found indi- I 
cate that the people built their houses in community, or in J 
great blocks, very much as the villages of the Pueblo In- | 
dians are constructed at the present day, where the whole, 
or three sides of a square are built up of solid masonry two 
or three stories high, divided up into tenements which 
each family inhabits, and inclosing a court in which is 
usually found au eatnfa or circular, tower-like building, 
with a cellar underneath and an entrance through the 
roof, which is used as a council chamber and place for en¬ 
acting their religious mysteries, all these tribes being sun- 
worsbippers. This was the perfection of the plan, but 
very often small and insignificant blocks of houses would 
be found. Several which we measured, however, like I 
that in Fig. 14, were hundreds of feet square, and a group I 
of such "pueblos,” as they are called, would surround I 
some plenteous spring. Then as now, but perhaps not so 1 
urgently, water was the chief necessity of life in that I 
country. These people were evidently devoted to agricul- I 
ture rather than to tlie chase; loved peace and the ameni- ! 
ties of life better than the savage pursuits of the northern 1 
redskins, and while uot lacking in courage were wanting I 
in the endurance and ingenuity which enabled them to I 
maintain themselves against their foes. It is probable that j 
they abandoned these cliffs and valleys not less thau 1,000 . 
years aao, and then not voluntarily. Sifting the traditions * 
of all concerned, we can state with considerable confidence | 
that increasing hordes of the savages from the mountains < 
—ancestors of the present Utes and Shoshone—came 
down upon them from time to time, raiding upon their f 
planiations and carrying off their women aud children- ] 
Thoy were unable to resist these attacks, and adopted as a 
means of safety the plan of building places of refuge upon 1 
the high and perpendicular cliffs which hem in both sides * 
of the canons, as appears in the middle figure of the plate. • 
The first good example of this cliff architecture which we 
came upon was half-way down the valley of tlieRioMau- * 
cos. There are several photographs of it in the collec- I 
tion, and a most excellent colored model of plaster-of- * 
Paris made by Mr. Holmes, which is nearly three feet 
square, and leaves nothing to he desired. This house was 
perched 700 measured feet above the river, on a little ledge 
formed by the decay of a stratum of rock softer than the \ 
rest of the cliff. It. was two stories in height, made of 
finely cut blocks of yellow sandstone—the substance of 
the cretaceous cliffs—accurately fitted and set in a mortar 
now harder than the stone itself. The floor was the ledge I 
upon which it rested, and the roof the overhanging rock. | 
There were three rooms upon the ground floor, each one 
about 6 by 9 feet with partition walls of faced stone. Bo- 
tween the stories was originally a wooden floor, traces of 
which still remained, as did also the cedar sticks which , 
served as lintels for the windows and doors. Each of the 
rooms was six feet in height, and was nicely plastered and 
painted what now appears a dull brick red, with a white 
band along the floor like a base-board. Near the house the 
ledge had been walled up and made more commodious by 
