FOREST AND STREAM 
407 
don’t do it, the village boys have heen out, before vou; 
haTdly was the ice out. before the creek was cleaned. Four 
hours win carry you the thirteen miles to Andrews's, pass¬ 
ing Sturgis’s on your way at four miles less, where T am 
told the. accommodation is good, and in season the trolling 
<m Lake Pleasant mav pay; but it is a little too close for 
my tastes; the farther one goes the better the trout fish - 
ingisis my experience. Andrews’s pleasant hotel Ihave told 
you about: also Rude’s hostelry at Piseco, nine miles far¬ 
ther on. Ellsworth’s charges for bringing two persons'to 
Andrews’s are $10, and he will carry four at a moderate ad¬ 
vance. On Wednesdays and Saturdays a stage leaves 
Nort.liville. which carries passsengers to Sageville at $2 
each. At cither of the nlaces Ihave named yon are in the 
center of game and fish localities, and your first afternoon 
Or evening will give yon trout or venison, according to the 
season. You can, by pressing, kill a deer the same day in 
which you ate vour breakfast in New York. Lake Pleas¬ 
ant, Round Lake and Piseco are good trolling lakes, and 
furnish lakers from twenty pounds down -generally down 
—and brook trout from three pounds to the smaller sizes. 
Sand Lake, Mud Lake, Louis Lake, .Tessup’s River, Sac- 
ondaga, West River, and numerous smaller lakes and 
streams furnish good speckled trout fishing, and are all 
within a day’s .-journey Competent guides, good boats, 
ptc., can he gotten at either hotel. The prices for hoard 
and room at Rude’s are $1 a day; at each of the other 
places $1.25, and it is cheap enough, as the landlord has 
to pay 25 cents a pound for his trout, and a pound of 
trout raw isn’t much among one when cooked. It is told 
of one of our landlords that, being a little short of trout, 
lie bought from a transient fisherman a three-pound laker 
for seventy-five ernts, and served that laker up for dinner. 
No one was at the table hut the fisherman, who, owing to 
“mountain air,” “no breakfast,” etc., was hungry. He.a'.e 
that trout, and bread, and butter, and potatoes, and 
the pork, and cream, and berries, and pie, and drank much 
tea, and paid fifty cents for his dinner. The host, who 
paid his guest a quarter on leaving, thinks he got off cheap. 
Ton pay your guide $2.50 a day and he takes his chances. 
If yon want to fish from “early dawn to dewy eve” he’ll 
not’growl; but if the day is bad and. you do little he ex¬ 
pects his per diem, with no discount. If yon have come 
unprovided with suitable tackle he will fit you out with 
gear that will catch trout; probably you will have to de¬ 
pend upon him any way, even if you have fitted out at 
considerable expeuse and in first-class style, unless you 
have already “been there." Briug a trolling rod, not over 
ten feet long, a balance-handled reel that will carry 200 
feet of wet trolling line, which should be of braided linen, 
nr, better, of waterproofed silk. A patent braided cotton 
line, purporting to be waterproof and cheap, isn't cheap; it 
swells, jams in "the rings, and turus very white when wet. 
If you want to fit out for camping, consult back numbers 
of Forest and Stream, and if you want to camp out a 
spell and are not fitted, your guide can be depended upon 
to provide all necessaries, except tobacco and fly grease; 
don’t take any ohances on them. The guides are an inde¬ 
pendent, sturdy set or men, obliging, and proud of giving 
their man a fair day’s fishing; will do any guide’s work 
you ask, but get mad easily if imposed on. My guide— 
square, honest Hiram—would grease my boots to keep wa¬ 
ter out as often as I wanted, but. had I asked Hiram to 
black them for me, there would have been trouble. Men 
work for each other in the woods, but are not servants. 
It is here where we get the originating point of the 
Americanism “help.” One man has a surplus of daughters; 
a grown girl goes into a neighbor's family and “helps.” 
As likely as not her employer is an employe of her father. 
She waits on the table and washes the dishes, hut at the 
Fourth of July dance she takes no hack seat while her em¬ 
ployer’s daughter has the floor, if she possesses the attri¬ 
butes which, by natural selection, entitle her to the front. 
This treatise on “help” is introduced to pave the way to 
some ideas I propose to advance farther on. I want to es¬ 
tablish Ihe fact that the people who live in the woods are 
not a people who can be treated unjustly, or slightingly, 
or as servants and not know it, or knowing it, fail to re¬ 
sent. Quiet, self-contained, and to a great extent self- 
dependent, they have divested themselves of much of 
the form and ceremony of the outer world, which have 
gone with other discarded luxuries. Two neighbors (four 
or flve miles apart) meet on the high road. Not a nod of 
recogit inn or salute passes, but the team stops— 
“I’ve got a bag of flour for you.” 
“Leave it at the house.” 
“All right." 
“How much is your charge?" 
"Ten cents,” perhaps, hut as often—“Never mind; noth¬ 
ing;” but the teamster must by woods etiquette have the 
privilege ot refusing. Every service has its value; don’t 
fail to ofifer.its equivalent. It is more than likely it will 
be refused, and the man with the team going out to the 
Village could not have refused to render the service. 1 
bring in these little illustrations of the independent, square 
way of doing business with few words which is the habit 
of the woods people, to give an impretsion of the class of 
persons who are most "IIvoted by our game laws. 
Hard work and “know how” lias not enabled me to catch 
as many trout as I ought to have caught. I do not expect, 
that on a successful trip, ray trout shall cost me over the 
ordinary price—$lapound; this time they have cost me 
nearer $4. I don’t complain though. I nad a good lime 
and got my returns in far more valuable shape than trout. 
1 can sleep now—from 0 P. M., till 9 A. M. and longer— 
pxeept for breakfast, which is now no longer uucared lor. I 
devoted numbers of days to the so-called “brook trout” 
and caught compai avively few. To be sure I got some 
beauties—trout iliat justified me in “wetting my throat” 
■with cold tea, which,' by tbe way, 1 find invaluable on the 
lake. It is Old English Breakfast in a bottle. 1 sent two 
two-pounders to a friend in your city, and be, an old woods 
ranger, wanted to know where such splendid brookers could 
be obtained so near New York that the mountain ice they 
were packed m was still unmelted. And I bad others as 
large, and a number above a pound in weight, but to get 
those fish I bad to work lor many days. Tbe Sun’s first 
kiss to the lake I witnessed, and as be bade adieu, beliiud 
tbe western bills, I reeled up slowly and saluting the grand 
old echo Gnome of the mountains, went, shouting home, 
enjoying bis quaint replies. Many miles I rowed for every 
pound 1 caught, aud tried with fly and bait, with even less 
success Ilian with tbe spoon. No large ones could be 
tempted by the foi’mer, and chubs made tbe latter process 
a worrisome one. At first I thought that I was simply 
having bad luck, that it was too hot, or too cold, or too 
late, or too early, or too smooth, or too rough, or that as 
the guides say “the sign waa’nt right," all of which 
reasons are generally brought into requisition; but as I be¬ 
came more familiar with my surroundings, and tried in 
every way, under every sort of circumstances, the explana¬ 
tion of my ill-success gradually dawned upon me. The reason 
why I did not catch lots of trout, was simply this: There 
was’nt. lots of trout to catch. And, renson for a reason, there 
isn’t lots of trout, because we have no game law which 
has any influence whatever toward preserving Ihe fish in 
these public waters; but we have one, which, on the con¬ 
trary, works actively to prevent the preservation to a certain 
extent, of fish and game; with which apparently rash as¬ 
sertion I will wind up for this week, and in your next issue 
will rise and explain, I hope, in a satifactory manner. 
PlBfiCO. 
OUR CENTENNIAL LETTERS.—NO. 7. 
E VERY naturalist is interested in the teaching of the 
knowledge of nature in the public schools of the 
country- It therefore occurred to me as a useful thing to 
investigate the part which the study of natural history 
played in the educational scheme of each State. Among 
those States having exhibits of Bchooi work are Massachu¬ 
setts, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, 
Wisconsin, Minnesota, Illinois, Missouri, Tennessee, and 
some of the Southern States. The questions which I 
sought to have answered were in regard to how much at¬ 
tention was being paid generally to natural history (zoology, 
botany, geology and comparative anatomy); whether the 
interest was increasing, and whether it lead to the collection 
of cabinets of specimens in the Bchools by their own ef¬ 
forts ; whether the Boards of Education encouraged it; ami 
whether any instruction in this study was required in the 
ordinary graded schools, The answers, on the whole, 
showed a more encouraging progress iu the matter than I 
had anticipated. 
In this respect, as in all other lines of advanced instruc¬ 
tion, Massachusetts leads, The interest felt in Boston and 
its neighborhood has spread beyond, and every large town 
is a centre from which enthusiasm radiates. That small 
State has over 125 free public libraries within its borders, 
and a dozen great museums. Those are the tools, and their 
presence is an encouragement, lacking in most other States, 
to pupils whose innate taste is in that direction. Almost 
all the schools have their little cabinets—the nucleus of 
which in many cases is procured by help of an appropria¬ 
tion of school money, and the few deeply interested work¬ 
ers keep up the spirit of the rest. No private school con¬ 
siders itself completed unless it gives instruction in natu¬ 
ral history; aud that it is because of a real desire of the 
pupils I know from the quick xulerest and close attention 
with which I was listened to when a year or two ago I 
gave informal lectures on this subject among the schools 
in and about Boston. Every year many scholars from the 
public schools volunteer assistance in the museums, or take 
special courses In biology at the universities. For many 
years to come we must depend on Massachusetts for our 
best teachers in this department. One of her sons, Prof. 
Ed ward 8. Morse, has, perhaps, done more than an y other 
man to arouse an interest in the study of nature through 
the country; and I have found his name mentioned with 
lively appreciation by persons from widely separated 
States. 
New York shows none of her school-work except what 
Cornell University displays in a corner of Machinery Hall; 
and in the respect to which we are now attending it is 
doubtful if she had much to show. It is to be hoped, 
however, that the naturalists at Ithaca, at Albany, and at 
the new Syracuse College under Dr. Winchell, the geolo¬ 
gist, will after awhile call more attention to this important 
aspect of culture. 
New Jersey has been greatly belied. One of her promi¬ 
nent teachers once told me for a fact that he had hud ap¬ 
plicants for admission to a normal school fail to come with¬ 
in 100,000 miles of the length of the State, so limited was 
their information; but when I saw her exhibit I threw 
away my prejudice. Her system of eduealiou shows 
science to be prominent. She makes use of all the appli¬ 
ances necessary for its study from a sinple chart to a binoc¬ 
ular microscope, and the results appear in the fine and rare 
specimens which the children have sent from their school 
cabinets, in the drawings with pencil and with colors, of 
birds and animals, and in the beautiful herbariums. The 
Jersey City High Schools show several cases of rich- 
looking minerals gathered about Bergen Hill, and some 
excellent drawings in ink of the skeletons of fishes and 
other anatomical sketches. Schools in the northwestern 
part of the State send a case of fossils, among them mas¬ 
todon’s teeth from Essex county. An amusing thing close 
by is a large case of very nicely mounted butterflies and 
moths with a bat stretched out in the centre. It is more 
of an incongruity than appears in the form which harmon¬ 
izes well enough with the broad-winged insects. A very 
conspicuous object is a great pantographic chart of the An- 
mal Kingdom, painted by Miss Mary Dalyrimple, a pupil 
in the PhilotechnicInstitute at Camden. The execution is 
not bad, but the system is so desperately artificial that it 
would seem to be more valuable as a curious piece of in¬ 
genuity, than as of any aid to either teacher or learner. 
Miss Dalyrimple has also tried her brush on large pictures 
of birds for class-room purposes. The coloring is uni¬ 
formly bad, but the drawing is good, and these illustra¬ 
tions are no doubt of great use. One sees drawings of an- 
imallife everywhere here, but none so good as the oil- 
paintings of birds done by G. R. Hardenberg, of New 
Brunswick. Mr. Hardenberg is only eighteen years old, 
but is already a careful and accurate ornithologist and a 
prominent artist. His intense anxiety to get minntias 
right detracts from the artistic merit of his pictures, but 
make them more valuable as every detail of form, size, 
color and structure is copied from life. Tbe same is true 
of tbe plants upon which the birds rest. His attitudes are 
particularly good, showing much variety, and always spir¬ 
ited life, or, if his birds have given up the ghost, death 
stiff anil stark. The excellent taste and the completeness 
which exist is owing largely to the care of ihe Rev. Sam¬ 
uel J Lockwood, well known as a dilligent investigator 
and entertaining writer in natural history. He is Super¬ 
intendent of Monmouth county, and you may he sure that 
there is a school where something beside “book” learning 
is inculcated, and where the value of an observing eye 
and attentive ear is appreciated. He adds ethnology, and 
shows a beautiful little collection of Indian relics which 
would serve as a model for greater museums. Tbe relics 
are classified as (1) culinary; (2) pottery; (3) ceremonial 
games, etc.; (4) war and the chase. AH’come from Mon¬ 
mouth county. The high regard in which Dr, Lockwood 
is held is evidenced by the presence of a life-size portrait 
of him at work with his books aud microscope. It was 
executed by one of his pupils, and is very creditable. 
Trenton is another center of scientific instruction. This is 
due largely to the labors of an enthusiastic botanist and 
successful teacher, Prof: Austin C. Apgar, of the Slate 
Normal School, who was one of our hardest workers at 
Penekese. Prof. Apgar has invented and printed a system 
of easy botanical analysis by which his students are able 
to make famous progress, as the large and handsome 
herbariums of plants indigenous to Trenton show. Prof. 
Apgar has a way of rousing enthusiasm in ail his pupils, 
whatever be the subject before the class. 
Ohio has, perhaps, the best, general manifestation of all 
the operations and results of the American public school 
system. For example, she shows by a series of red disks 
of proportionate size the relative attention which each 
study receives. But it was somewhat discouraging to find 
that natural history was represented by a spot the size of 
a bullet as compared with penmanship, the disk of which 
was as big as a Creedmoor target. Yet, while this is true 
on the average, there are some bright spots. Elyria is 
one, Urbana another, Marietta a third, and if we include 
archeology in our inquiry we shall find a very general in¬ 
terest all over the State. The high schools of Cincinnati, 
however, possess large cabinets of natural history which 
they are constantly augmenting; and that study receives a 
good share of attention to the delight of the scholars. So 
I am told. 
What progress is making in the remaining Western States 
must be left untold until next week. 
Coon !—In a recent number of The Queenslander (Bris¬ 
bane, Australia) appears the following paragraph in double 
leads, under the head of “Instructions to Amateur 
Sailors:” 
Sir,—H aving been from my boyhood fond of boating, and taken an 
interest in youths partial to the Bame, and who do not object to a little 
hard work or privation which is sometimes to bo met with when otifc for 
a Tew days’ holiday cruise In the southern portion of our beautiful bay T 
I give the following rules for safety in palling small cruft, which ama¬ 
teurs shonld stndy and act on. They will, I think, find them useful In 
learning to handle a sailing boat properly aud with pleasure to them¬ 
selves. Henry O’ Reilia''. 
Now what are these excellent rules? Nothing more or less 
than the rules (original with us) which we printed in the 
Forest and Stream for August 12, 1875. They were so 
good that we had cut them out, intending to reproduce 
them with acknowledgment, but had not read far before 
we recognized them as old acquaintances, in fact our own 
long-lost. It is very unlucky for Mr. O'Reilly that his 
“ interest in youths” should have prompted him to print 
liis advice in that copy of the Queenslander that strayed 
into our sanctum. 
—On the grounds about Col. Thompson’s fish farm, in 
West Springfield, Mass., are deer running about, which 
gives the place quite an English tone. Two fawns were 
born there last week. 
A New Moccasin.— Thomson, whose waterproof shoot¬ 
ing and fishing suits have attained a world wide reputation 
has invented, and is now making an oil finished, grain 
leather shoe pack, or moccasin, made to lace up with a 
water-tight, tongue. They are made with soles for shooting, 
or without for canoe or snow work. The cut which ac¬ 
companies the advertisement in another column describes 
them perfectly. 
Grayling-!—W e have received for distribution a number 
of “Tourists Guides" for Northern Michigan summer re¬ 
sorts, where the grayling and trout abound. This section 
is reached from Chicago and Cincinnati by the Grand Rap- 
ids & Indiana Railroad, which passes through a most 
charming region of country. 
—Two articles in our Natural History columns are wor¬ 
thy of note—the sharp arraignment of the crow, which 
will no doubt find a champion among our readers, and the 
list of the game birds of Central Michigan given by Mr. 
Covert, 
The Kennel Reoister,— We print this week an ab¬ 
stract of the pedigrees of the first 100 dogs entered in the 
Kennel Register. This list we will continue to issue until the 
total number is reached. It will he observed that there 
are many blanks, such as the date of whelping, breeders, 
etc. We shall feel obliged if such of our readers as 
observe these omissions in connection with their dogs will 
supply ns with the information. Our object in printing 
this abstract at the present time is that all Lbese difficulties 
may be corrected, and the labor of preparing the Register 
in complete book form be somewhat lightened. We shall 
also feel obliged if those who propose to register their 
dogs will do so at once, as we desire to commence the pre¬ 
paration of the book at an early day. Iu addition to the 
pedigrees the volume will contain the best of the kennel 
matter which hfis appeared in our paper since its first issuo 
