STRATIGRAPHICAL FEATURES. 135 



shales are best seen on the southern slope of the Balchdhura 

 heights, and in an overfold to the south of Kiogarh Chirchun 

 E. G. (plates 1 and 4). 

 This group passes through a small thickness of black, crumbling 

 shales into— ■ 



\e. consisting of grey and greenish sandstone with very thin, 

 mostly brown shaly layers. A few calcareous bands are 

 intercalated near the base. This series is very similar to the 

 Gieumal sandstones but can be distinguished from them by its 

 abundance of fucoids and indistinct plant remains. The sand- 

 stones gradually become tuffaceous higher up and pass into 

 4/. a series of very thin-bedded green tuffs (150') overlaid by a small 

 thickness of red tuffs. The former may be identical with " a 

 hard rock, generally bluish green in colour, which probably 

 has been formed to a large extent of trappean material," 

 which was observed by Mr. Griesbach in the Chirchun area. 

 Age of upper Flysch. — The upper flyscb is throughout devoid of 

 fossils that might afford any clue as to the age of the various divisions, 

 and although there can be no doubt that most of them are cretaceous, 

 the question arises, whether the topmost beds do not extend into the 

 nummulitics or not. 



It will be more convenient to deal with this question after having 

 described the area in full, and it may suffice to remark here that most 

 probably the nummulitics are not included in the upper flysch. 1 As 

 to the arguments which lead to this conclusion, I may refer the reader 

 to the last chapter of this Memoir. 



Ill— GENERAL CHARACTERS OF THE IGNEOUS 

 ROCKS AND EXOTIC BLOCKS. 



Along the boundary range from Balchdhura No. 2 to the Kiogarh- 

 Chaldu pass and in the vicinity of the Kiogarh-Chirchun pass the 



1 The view here adopted differs from that expressed in General Report, 1900-01, 

 which was published before the present Memoir had been concluded. 



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