140 KRAFFT: EXOTIC BLOCKS OF MALLA JOHAR. 



are of small importance compared with the question as to which 

 stratigraphical horizon they represent. This could of course only be 

 satisfactorily ascertained were fossils from^many of them available. 

 I need hardly say that this is not so ; indeed by far the greater part is 

 entirely unfossiliferous, and this cannot be wondered at, seeing that 

 they are imbedded in igneous rocks and have in ninety-nine cases out 

 of a hundred been highly altered. It was only by examining many 

 hundreds of blocks that I was able to obtain fossils here and there. 

 Weeks of unsuccessful search were thus now and then only inter- 

 rupted by a fortunate find. But in most cases, when once discovered, 

 the fossils were to be had in large numbers. Other blocks could be 

 determined with more or less certainty by their lithological characters, 

 and thus I obtained evidence of the representation of several horizons, 

 one being palaeozoic, the others mesozoic. Some of these horizons 

 are identical with those found in the exotic blocks of the Chirchun area, 

 but most of them are new. They are : 



/. Permo-carboniferous (E. Blocks 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 18, 19 (?) 

 on map). Blocks of this age were chiefly traced in the hills to the north- 

 west and west of the Kiogarh-Chirchun pass. A loose block containing 

 fossils of that age was observed in the neighbourhood of Malla Sangcha 

 E. G. and had no doubt rolled down from the higher slopes of Kiogarh 

 No. 1. 



Lithologically the permo-carboniferous limestone may be described 

 as a massive, light grey and red, marble-like crinoid-limestone with 

 many cleavage planes. Large sections of crinoid stems (app. £ inch in 

 diameter) form a most characteristic feature. Blocks of this age 

 rarely exceed 30' to 50' in diameter, E. B. 9 alone being of larger 

 dimensions 1 (at least 300 cubic feet). Whereas on Peak Chirchun 

 No. 1, which is composed of limestone of this age, fossils abound 

 the permo-carboniferous blocks found in Johar are very poor in fossils. 

 The only locality which yielded a larger number of specimens is 

 E. B. 9, but here also several days' search was required to obtain 



1 See PI. 4. 

 ( 14 ) 



