342 KRAFFT : EXOTIC BLOCKS OF HALLA JOHARV 



j. Lower Muschelkalk (?j. On the southern slope of the Balcfo- 

 dhura heights I found a loose block with a few fragmentary and badly- 

 preserved ammonites. One of these shows ceratitic sutures, another 

 is in transverse section and sculpture similar to Procladhcites j'asoni, 

 Dien, This block may be of lower muschelkalk age and equivalent 

 to the lower muschelkalk horizon discovered by Middlemiss in the 

 Chirchun area. 1 The state of preservation of the fossils excludes any 

 definite statement. 



4. Ladinic or Lower Carnic stage (E. B. 1 on map, pi. 1, and 

 section 1 on pi. 12). Somewhat below E. B. I found several loose 

 specimens of dark red, very ferruginous limestone with Daonella 

 indica, Bitt. As these fragments are lithologically identical with \L. 

 B. 1, the fossils must have come from it. 



The specimens are of large size, like fig. n on pi. vii in Bittner's 

 Memoir on the Brachiopoda and Bivalves of the Himalayan Trias.* 

 E. B. 1 consists of thin-bedded limestones, alternating with very thin 

 bands of dark red shales and differs from any other I met with. Dao- 

 nella indica was previously assigned exclusively to the lower carnic 

 stage (" Traumatocrinus limestone" of the Shalshal cliff section with 

 Joatinites cymbiformis) but has been found subsequently in Spiti 

 and in Painkhanda in the ladinic stage of the muschelkalk too. E. B. 

 1 may therefore represent either of these horizons. 



Blocks with Daonella indica are not recorded from the Chirchun 

 area. 



5. Upper Carnic stage (E B. 2 on map, section 1 on pi. 12 and 

 pi. 3). About one mile to the north-west of the Balchdkura pas. at 

 approximately 18,000 ft. a block was discovered, the richest in fossils 

 and at the same time the least influenced by igneous rocks of any I 

 observed. It is a marble like that of the famous Hallstatt beds of the 

 eastern Alps, bright red, massive, and not in the least earthy. 



A very large and well preserved collection of ammonites with a 

 few bivalves and brachiopoda was obtained from this block. I have so 



( 16 ) 



1 Pal. Ind.,Ser. XV, vol II, pt. 3. 

 1 Pal. Ir.d., Ser. X V, vol. Ill, pt. 2. 



