GENERAL CHARACTERS. 145 



10 Upper Flysch Sub-Division 4b. (E. Bs. 3, 14 on map). 

 Within the igneous rocks south of the Balchdhura pass, I observed a 

 block consisting of thin-bedded brown limestones, with shaly partings 

 which could at once be recognized as belonging to sub-division \b of 

 the upper flysch. 



On the heights south of the Kiogarh plateau, between E. Bs. 13 

 and 15, black shales of the same sub-division, with ferruginous concre- 

 tions and brown weathering flaggy limestones occur. 



//. Upper Flysch Szcb-Divisioji {4/). Green tuffs, representing 

 sub- division 4/, were observed in the igneous rocks of the Balchdhura 

 heights close to E. B. 1. This occurrence had to be left out on the map. 



The last mentioned four horizons are not recorded from the Chir- 

 chun area. 



In conclusion I must remark that among the very numerous 

 unfossiliferous limestones there are many of a red colour, resembling 

 the Tropites limestone. Most of the blocks offer no clue whatever to 

 their age. 



Origin of red and grey limestone blocks. — Leaving the four young- 

 est horizons (Spiti shales and flysch) out of consideration, we will now 

 deal in some detail with the older horizons up to the lias. We must 

 of course presuppose that the blocks, found within the volcanics of 

 Johar, originally formed part of one and the same series at some dis- 

 tance from their present place of occurrence. This theoretical series we 



« Tibetan Series." ""^ Ca ° the " Tibetan Series 1 ," as it must needs 

 be in situ somewhere in Tibet, and we may com- 

 pare it first with the corresponding beds observed in the normal sec- 

 tions of the Himalayas. 



Comparison with "Himalayan Series." — The comparison leads 

 to the conclusion that each single sub-division of the Tibetan series 

 known so far, from the permo-carboniferous up to the lias, differs 

 from the corresponding Himalayan division. 



1 I mean to restrict this term to the sequence from the permo-carboniferous up 

 to the has, which differs in facies from what is seen in the Central Himalayas. 



( 19 ) 



