148 KRAFFT : EXOTIC BLOCKS OF MALLA JOHAR. 



We therefore learn from this comparison of the Tibetan with the 

 Himaiayan series that, though in two cases (lower trias and lower 

 muschelkalk) a striking faunistical similarity exists, the two series 

 differ entirely in lithological description, three of the horizons (permo- 

 carboniferous (7), Tropites limestone and lias) being distinguished 

 faunistically as well. The only horizon which affordsj points of simi- 

 larity is the dachsteinkalk. 



Comparison with European Alps. — To compare the Tibetan series 

 with occurrences of similar lithological features outside Tibet, we 

 must turn to the European Alps, where we find rocks of striking re- 

 semblance in the "Hallstatt limestones" and the red liassic limestones. 

 The lithological resemblance is indeed so great that we are justified 

 in supposing that the same physical conditions prevailed in the two 

 areas. These conditions set in in Tibet at an earlier date (permo- 

 carboniferous) than in the Alps (upper muschelkalk). They coincided 

 in both areas during upper carnic and lower liassic times, but it 

 appears that during noric times red limestones were deposited in the 

 Alps but not in Tibet. 



" Hallstatt " fades.— The Alpine Hallstatt facies is confined to 

 more or less limited areas, being chiefly met with near Hallstatt, 

 Hallein and Berchtesgaden in the Austrian and Bavarian Alps. 

 According to Schlosser 1 it includes all the triassic beds ^from the 

 " Werfen shales" (lower trias) upwards. The lowest division, the 

 " Haselgebirge " (uppermost lower trias and lower muschelkalk), 

 which is characterised by the occurrence of salt, has apparently no 

 lithological equivalent in the Tibetan series and is therefore of no 

 interest here. 



All the rest of the Hallstatt facies, however, with its three main 

 divisions : (1) " Schreyeralm " or " Liircheck " limestone and (upper 



1 Dr. Max. Schlosser, " Das Triasgebiet von Hallein " Zeitschrift d. Deutsch. 

 Geol. Gesellsch, Vol. L, part 2, iSgS. 



It is sufficient for the present purpose to consider the Alpine occurrences alone. 

 Those of Bosnia and Dalmatia can be left out of consideration. 

 ( 22 ) 



