154 



KRAFFT: EXOTIC BLOCKS OF MALLA JOHAR. 



Seen from afar the Gieumal sandstones look as if they were bedded, 

 and this no doubt was the case originally. But on closer examination 

 this bedding is no longer recognized. The apparent layers of sand- 

 stone are found to be split up by innumerable small faults into angular 

 fragments. Often the shaly matter has been the lubricant by means 

 of which one block was pushed over another. The interstices between 

 the blocks are as a rule filled out by breccia like matter of shale 

 with small pieces of sandstone. Large sandstone blocks make up the 

 actual heights. The western summit is formed by a huge block with 

 particularly bold outlines. 



Balchdhura Pass. — Descending from the Balchdhura heights 

 towards the pass we soon come upon lavas partly altered into 

 serpentine. Thus a flat, conical elevation on the ridge near E. B. 

 2 is composed of that rock. A specimen of serpentine from the 

 frontier range south-east of the Balchdhura pass was found by 

 Mr. Holland to be an altered peridotite with chromite. The top of the 

 range is thinly studded over with limestone and sandstone blocks, the 

 latter being here again occasionally of large size (see woodcut below). 



Fig. 2. Blocks of Gieumal sandstones in basic igneous rocks near 



Peak Balchdhura, 18,110'. 

 ( 28 ) 



