DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA. 155 



(6) The Kiogarh High Plateau. 1 



About one mile south-east of the Balchdhura pass there rises an 

 extended mountain mass with a number of peaks, ranging from 18,000' 

 to somewhat above i<},ooo'. s 



High Plateau. — The whole is a wide high plateau, intersected by- 

 two rivers (Sami and Ghatamemin rivers) and by four passes, leading 

 from these rivers and their branches into Johar. The plateau character 

 is most pronounced to the west of the Sami river (Kiogarh No. 1, 

 No. 2 and No. 3). The country between the Sami and Gh3tdm£min 

 valleys is modelled out into a broad ridge and a similar ridge borders the 

 Ghatamemin valley to the east. Towards Johar the plateau ends pre- 

 cipitately in high, steep cliffs. There is therefore between the Balch- 

 dhura and Kiogarh-Chaldu passes no real dividing range with equally 

 steep declivities on either side. The boundary coincides, it is true, 

 with the watershed, but this is formed by the edge of a plateau. 



The Kiogarh peaks were in 1892 recognized to be exotic masses 

 (see introduction). Messrs. Griesbach, Diener and Middlemiss could 

 not however attempt anything beyond a superficial examination of 

 the area. 



In the following I propose to describe first the flysch base and 

 afterwards the masses that make up the Kiogarh plateau proper. 



/. — The Flysch. 

 Gieumal sandstone. — TheGieumal sandstone encircles the Kiogarh 

 plateau, without touching it, to the west, extending to the east nearly 

 as far as Malla Kiogarh E. G. 



1 Plates 2 and 3. Section 2 on pi. 12. 



2 As the Trigonometrical survey map contains only a few names of localities 

 which are insufficient for the purpose of a detailed description of the area, I have 

 introduced the following new names : Kiogarh No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4 and 

 No 6 (the latter peak is called " Kiogarh " only on the Trigonometrical Survey 

 map), "Sami Valley" (see pi. 2), "Sami Pass," "Ghatcim^min Pass," 

 "Ghatamemin Valley," "Sami E. G.," "Balchdhura E. G.," " Kiogarh Chirchun 

 E. G.," Talla Kiogarh E. G. I and II," "Malla Kiogarh E. G. I and II." 



( 29 ) 



