158 KRAFFT : EXOTIC BLOCKS OF MALLA JOHAR. 



features prevail as in the above described ridges. But near the pass 

 the sandstones with fucoids (4/) come in and form the ridge over 

 which the pass leads into Hundes. 



2.— The volcanics and exotic blocks. 



Volcanics. — In the Kiogarh high plateau the volcanics attain 

 their highest development. The thickness of these rocks is more con- 

 siderable than either north or south of the high plateau and the number 

 and rise of the exotic blocks exceeds anything seen elsewhere. On 

 the whole we can distinguish a lower and an upper division. The 

 lower one is composed of lavas, including small 

 and large limestone and sandstone blocks, while 

 the upper division represents a gigantic accumulation of igneous and 

 non-igneous rocks in which grey limestones prevail, mixed with dark 

 lavas and smaller blocks of red limestone. 



These two divisions are well seen in the south-west scarp of the 

 Kiogarh high plateau, whereas in the north-west and north-east 

 slope of Kiogarh No. 1 they are but indistinctly marked. 



At the south-west slope of Kiogarh No. 1 and to the north of the 

 Kiogarh-Chaldu pass outcrops of solid igneous rocks are seen which 

 are practically free from foreign elements. Everywhere else exotic 

 blocks abound, being of all possible sizes and various descriptions. 



Exotic Blocks. — Red and grey limestones are most common. 

 They are greatly altered, traversed by intrusive veins and often per- 

 fectly saturated with igneous matter, which has entered all the minor 

 fissures. In addition to this they have undergone great crushing. 

 This not only appears from the abundance of faults, but also from 

 the folded intrusive veins. Red and grey limestones are completely 

 mixed up with each other. In the ridge ascending from south-west 

 towards Kiogarh No. I, I met with a block of thin-bedded, red lime- 

 stone, shut in between two large masses of grey limestone. 



Scarcity of fossils. — The limestones are mostly devoid of any 

 fossil remains and I have only been able to trace 



Permo-carloniferous. . 



one iossinterous horizon. A loose block tound 

 near Malla Sangcha E. G., vielded a number of brachiopoda identical 

 ( 32 ) 



