DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA. 159 



with types described from the peak Chirchun No. 1. In spite of many 

 days' search all over the Johar side of the Kiogarh plateau, I did not 

 find a single fossiliferous block in situ. 



Greenish grey sandstone blocks are also often seen, but nowhere 

 do they alone compose large tracts, as in the Balchdhura heights, 



A rare type of block is represented by thin-bedded, brown limestones 

 (46) of the upper flysch. These crop out from volcanic d6bris at 

 the foot of the northern scarp of Kiogarh No. 1. The limestones 

 are greatly contorted but show a general dip towards east (E. B. 3 on 

 map, section 3 on pi. 12). 



In describing the actual high plateau we may start from Kiogarh- 

 No. 5 and thence proceed towards the north-west. I must remark that, 

 as the watershed forms the boundary of Hundes, which country I was 

 not allowed to enter, my description must of necessity be incomplete. 



Kiogarh No. 5. — Approaching Kiogarh No. 5 from the Kiogarh- 

 Chaldu pass we soon leave the sandstones with fucoids (42) for the 

 basic igneous rocksj 'composing the boundary range up to the 

 base of Kiogarh No. 5. They are for the greater part weathered into 

 debris, but in one locality, on the western slope of the boundary 

 range, not far from E. B. 8, an outcrop of lavas with sphasroidal 

 structure is seen. With them is associated the pitchstone breccia 

 described above. 



Exotic blocks are seen in many places. The largest (E. B. 8) 

 is represented in the photograph on pi. 7, which distinctly shows 

 the striking contrast between the dark, basic, igneous rocks and the 

 light grey limestones. 



Reaching the base of the actual summit of Kiogarh No. 5 we 

 arrive at a larger dolomitic limestone mass rising in steep cliffs to a 

 height of approximately 200 feet. It seems as if it were one huge block, 

 but very likely this is not the case, as igneous rocks crop out in places 

 of the limestone (see drawing pi. 10). I have little doubt that peak 

 Kiogarh No. 5 is like Kiogarh No. 3 (see next page) actually made up 

 of an accumulation of huge limestone blocks mixed with some igneous 

 material, but to ascertain this, the Tibetan side of the mountain should 

 also be examined. 



( 33 ) 



