DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA. 165 



sharply marked, as the upper sandstone beds can be seen to be cut 

 off abruptly by the fault. 



Above the upper sandstone remains of igneous rocks are seen, but 

 the tuffs (4J) are not present here either. The volcanic:, are overlaid 

 by black shales with thin-bedded brown limestones (4b), the result of a 

 second reversed fault (b — b). Recurring patches of ddbris from the 

 brown weathering limestones suggest great complications in the struc- 

 ture of sub-division 4 b, which have been indicated on the section by 

 a number of diagrammatic folds. 



The two faults are also seen in ridge II to the north of Kiogarh 

 Chirchun E.G. 1 We have seen above that in this ridge the sandstones 

 (4^) follow above the great thrust-fault, which traverses the lower part 

 of it. At first these sandstones lie almost flat, but rather more than 

 half way up an eastern dip sets in abruptly, the result of fault a — a. 

 In this ridge the shales, which are noticed in ridge I, are completely 

 cut out. Above the sandstone remains of igneous rocks are found here 

 too, but they disappear at the ridge and are cut out further north. The 

 igneous rocks are here as in ridge I overlaid by black shales (fault 

 b — b). Further north the sandstones (4?) reach as far as Malla Kiogarh 

 I, where they disappear under the shales 4b (pi. 3). South of ridge I, 

 the structure is less clear, but it can be seen that the volcanics swell 

 out considerably in this direction. Here again compact lavas are 

 seen which show the same sphseroidal structure as those near Kiogarh- 

 Chaldu pass. They contain small blocks of a densely red limestone 

 and are associated with breccias made up of andesite and red lime- 

 stone. 



These igneous rocks are connected with those which further west 

 cover the root of the overfold, and this indicates that the sandstones 

 overlying fault a — a in ridge I represent a wedge that thins out 

 towards west. East and south of these igneous rocks shales (4^) are 

 met with, which are no doubt faulted against them (fault b—b in 

 ridge I). 



1 See also view on pJ. 3 to the right. 



( 39 ) 



