RESULTS. 175 



and the same must be concluded from the unusual facies of the lime- 

 stone blocks ejected. 



From all we know, we cannot but infer that the Himalayan, and 

 not the Tibetan series, is in situ below the Kiogarh high plateau. 



Messrs. Griesbach and Diener were of different opinion, but at 

 that time the Tibetan lias was not yet known. Dachsteinkalk and 

 younger beds were found to be close to the Spiti shales— flysch belt of 

 the same description as elsewhere. 1 There was therefore no question 

 of a change of facies in these beds, and as regards the peculiar charac- 

 ters of the permo-carboniferous, lower muschelkalk and upper carnic 

 horizons of the Tibetan series, even then observed, they were explained 

 by the assumption of a change of facies taking place towards the north. 2 



By the discovery of the Tibetan lias, the aspect of the question has 

 been considerably altered. 



The occurrence of the Himalayan triasso-jurassic, grey limestone 

 series, close to the belt of sedimentary rocks, appears now in a 

 perfectly different light. Far from being natural, as it had seemed to 

 be, it is a most striking feature and difficult to explain. Instead of 

 changing their facies, we now know that at least the younger beds 

 remain unchanged up to the margin of the belt, and this being so, it 

 is probable that the older horizons behave in the same way. 



Consequently we are not justified in assuming that the Tibetan 

 facies should be in situ below the Kiogarh high plateau. 



Conflicting evidence. — The evidence is therefore decidedly conflict- 

 ing. On the one hand the existence of vast masses of detached blocks 

 points to the vents occurring within or close to the Kiogarh high 

 plateau, while on the other hand the facies of the ejected blocks almost 



1 Viz,, in the anticline to the south-west of the Kiogarh plateau and in the 

 Chanambaniali peaks to the east of Chirchun E. G. The expedition of 1892 

 ascertained that in these peaks a regular series from the Spiti shales down to the 

 dachsteinkalk is exposed, which differs in no way from what is seen in the 

 Himalayan series (Diener, "Ergebnisse, " p. 585). 



2 In a syncline at the head of the Dhauli river (Mem. XXIII, p. 171, fig. 23) 

 the series from the carboniferous quartzite up to the Spiti shales is of the Hima- 

 layan facies. This locality is not more than 7 or 8 miles distant from Peak 

 Chirchun No. 1 = 



( 49 ) 



