178 KRAFFT: EXOTIC BLOCKS OF MALLA JOHAR. 



To the south of the Kiogarh plateau, however, where the igneous 

 rocks may originally have been less in force, they participate in the folds 

 and faults like the sedimentary components of the country. This is 

 why we find exotic blocks within the flysch, those either isolated from 

 the igneous rocks like E. B. 9, or connected with remnants of them like 

 E. B. 19. ' This must be borne well in mind, if we want to understand 

 the Chirchun area, which is also situated within the narrow, compli- 

 cated southern termination of the Spiti shales— flysch belt. 2 



Comparison of Chirchun area with Johar. — This area will now 

 have to be compared with that of Johar, in order to ascertain whether 

 the explanation given for the origin of the exotic masses is in accord- 

 ance with what is recorded from the Chirchun area. 



The description given by Diener is in extract as follows 3 : — 



The limestone blocks of the Chirchun area are of much smaller size 

 than those of Malla Johar. They exhibit in their strike an almost 

 semi-circular arrangement, forming at the same time three distinct rows 

 or zones. 



1. The most northern of these rows has been but superficially 

 reconnoitred by Mr. Middlemiss. It is made up of three blocks,* viz., 

 Chaldu No. 1 and two lower cliffs lying on the eastern scarp of that 

 peak. The latter is an isolated mass of a white, semi-crystalline lime- 

 stone with a north-east strike. Lithologically it is exactly similar to 

 the permo-carboniferous limestone of Peak Chirchun No 1. Apparently 

 it rests on Gieumal sandstone and on the igneous rocks, 6 associated with 



1 Also E. Bs. 4, 5, 6 and 7 might here be mentioned. They have no doubt 

 been involved in the flysch by similar disturbances as block 9. 



a Griesbach, Records 1. c, mentions " numerous tight folds and narrow 

 anticlinals," the dip " changing constantly and rapidly." 



3 Memoirs, XXVIII, Part 1, pp. 6 to 12. The geological mapping of the 

 Chirchun area was compiled from Diener's and Griesbach's maps. The whole 

 of the; flysch is marked with light green, the colour which in Johar repre- 

 sents upper flysch only. A compilation from both maps was unavoidable. 

 Mr. Griesbach's map has the great advantage of showing the igneous rocks, 

 which were left out entirely by Prof. Diener. On the other hand Diener mapped 

 certain blocks which were not indicated by Griesbach. 



4 Mr. Griesbach's map shows one block only. 



5 Not shown on map. 



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