THE MASTODON. 31 



5. M. Longirostris. According to some authors this va- 

 riety is not to be distinguished from the M. angustidens. 

 Professor Kaup, who has given it particular attention, 

 thus distinguishes it: "1st, By the length of the lower 

 jaw; 2d, by the existence of four ridges in the third, 

 fourth, and fifth teeth ; 3d, by the existence of five ridges 

 in the ultimate tooth; 4th, by the presence of tusks in 

 the lower jaw; 5th, by a vertical premolar; and by various 

 other points." Dr. Falconer considers the M. angustidens 

 and M. longirostris to be perfectly distinct, and the former 

 to be more nearly related by a three-ridged penultimate 

 molar to the M. giganteus than to the M. longirostris. 



6. M. Arvernensis. The M. Arvernensis discovered in the 

 south of France by Croizet and Jobert, in 1828, is 

 placed under the head of M. longirostris by Kaup, who be- 

 lieved it to be the young of that species. M. Laurillard 

 believed it to be the M. angustidens. It is characterized, 

 according to De Blainville, by a greater number of mam- 

 millary eminences than other species, and by a talon in 

 front as well as behind. 



7. M. Sivalensis. This, from the Sivalik Hills, India, 

 established by Dr. Falconer and Captain Cautley, has teeth 

 of very large size, the ultimate molars being from eight to 

 nine and one-half inches in length, and about three and 

 one-half inches in width, with six ridges in the upper jaw, 

 rounded protruberances, and rather narrow form. 



8. M. Latidens. This was found on the banks of the 

 Irrawaddy, and so named by Clift, on account of the breadth 

 of the tooth. The teeth, for the most part, are broader 

 than those of other species, and sometimes has as many as 

 ten ridges and a talon. This species, and the one called 

 M. elephantoides, form two of the links connecting the mas- 

 todon with the elephant. 



9. M. Cuvier. This one is not clearly made out, but its 

 prolonged lower jaw and the three penultimate molars with 

 three ridges have been particularized. 



