MAN. 69 



in and made the following announcement : there is not the 

 slightest trace of workmanship on the specimens ; the 

 scratches on the bones represent nothing and do not ap- 

 pear to be artificial ; the flints are mere natural fragments ; 

 and the bones alleged to be split by man are a delusion. 

 One great difficulty with the Professor's statement is, it fes 

 entirely too strong. It savors too much of trying to make 

 out a case. He should prove that those flints are not only 

 natural but common to that region. On the other hand, 

 Sir John Lubbock declares that Mr. Calvert is a compe- 

 tent observer. It is hardly credible that he could have 

 been mistaken in reference to these drawings, for he ap- 

 pears to have been fully acquainted with such works of art. 

 Time may throw more light on this discovery. 



III. THE PLIOCENE. 



The latest recorded instance of Pliocene man is given 

 by Professor Cope. He recently received from Oregon a 

 collection of fossils belonging to different genera, includ- 

 ing the mammoth, from an ancient lake-bed of Pliocene 

 age. Mingled in the same deposit in undistinguishable 

 relation, were found numerous flakes with arrow and spear 

 heads of obsidian, many of them much tarnished by long 

 erosion. All the relics were mingled together and lying 

 on the surface of a bed of clay, from fifteen to twenty feet 

 beneath a deposit of volcanic sand and ashes. 



There have been a great number of discoveries of human 

 remains and works of art in the gold-bearing drift of Cali- 

 fornia; and, in not a few instances, in conjunction with the 

 bones of the mastodon. It is so well established that man 

 and the mastodon were contemporary in California that 

 no one would dispute it, save touching the period in geologi- 

 cal history. Professor Whitney, the eminent geologist, 

 says that elephant and mastodon bones are found all over 

 the State, at the surface and at a depth of a hundred feet 



