MAN. 71 



covered. If these remains had been found in ancient 

 shafts or tunnels then it is evident that they are not to be 

 assigned to the Pliocene. Cases of this kind are not to 

 be inferred, but proven. The fact that ancient shafts may 

 have been discovered does not prove, by any means, that 

 all works of art found below the surface are due to the 

 shafts. Since the point or points where these remains 

 were found gave no evidence of a shaft or tunnel ever 

 having been there, or any other intrusive disturbance, it 

 must be accepted that the bones and implements were de- 

 posited at the same time with the drift. If it should be 

 further claimed that the human remains belong to an in- 

 trusive age it may be very pertinently asked, Why not the 

 mammoth and mastodon bones also? In regard to the 

 skull from Calaveras county, found by James Matson, the 

 upper bed of tufa was homogeneous and without crack 

 through which a human relic could have been introduced 

 into the lower beds. H-ence it is easily seen that the at- 

 tempt to dispute the facts is simply unwarranted. 



It may not be out of place to remark here that there 

 were self-constituted and swift witnesses to disprove the 

 authenticity of the skull from Calaveras county, and who 

 declared that the discovery was simply the perpetration 

 of a joke on Professor Whitney. It is now, however, 

 generally conceded that what Professor Whitney stated is 

 to be accepted. 



IV. GLACIAL PERIOD. 



The relics from the valley of the Somme (France) thor- 

 oughly awakened the attention of the geologists, and on 

 account of the numerous discoveries there made, which 

 convinced the antiquarians of the high antiquity of man, 

 it has become classical ground to the archreo-geologist. 

 Here, too, the remains of man and worked flints are found 

 with the remains of the mammoth. 



