﻿POMPEOPTERA AMPHRYSUS. 



Fapilio Eques Trojanus Amphrysus, Cram., " Pap. Exot. III. p. 43. t. 219, Fig. A. (1782). s . 

 Papilio Amphrysus, Jablonsky, " Naturs. Schmett.," I. p. 197, n. 2, t. i. f. 3 (1784)- <? 

 „ „ Esper, " Ausl. Schmett," p. 133, n. 59, t. 34, fig. 1 (1792). J = 



„ „ Fabricius, " Mant. Ins." p. 3, n. 23 (1787). $ 



„ „ Gmelin, " Syst. Nat." I. 5, p. 2230, n. 287 (1790). •? • 



„ „ Fabricius, " Ent. Syst.," III. 1, p. 11, n. 33 (1793)- J • 



Troides Amphrysus, Hiibner, " Verz. bek. Schm." p. 88, n. 923 (1816). <r 

 Papilio „ Godt., " Ency. Meth." p. 27 (1819), t . 



„ „ Gray, " List. Lepid. Ins. B. Mus." I. p. 6, n. 18 (1856). <f . 



Ornithoptera Amphrysius, Boisd, " Spec. Gen. Lep." I. p. 178, n. 6, t : 1. B. f. 1. (1836). s ? . 



„ ■„ Doubld., Westwood and Hewitson. " Gen. Diurn. Lepid." I. p. 4. n. 8 (1846). 



„ Amphrysus, Vollenhoven, " Tijdchrift " v. Ent. III. p. 71, n. 8 (i860) J ? . 

 Papilio Amphrysus, Felder, " Verb., z. bei. Ges. Wien," p. 291, n. 34 (1864) <? ? . 



Ornithoptera Amphrysus, Wallace, "Trans. Linn. Soc." Vol. XXV. p. 38 (1865). 

 Papilio Amphrysus, Butler, " Cat. Diurn. Lep. descr. Fabr." p. 235, n. 5 (1869) s $ . 

 „ Amphrysius, W. F. Kirby, " Syn. Cat. Diurn. Lep." p. 520 (1871). 

 Ornithoptera Amphrysus, Druce, " Proc. Zool. Soc." p. 356, n. 2(1873). 

 Ornithoptera Amphrysus, Oberthiir, " Etudes d'Entomologie " IV. p. 30, n. 9 (1879) s ? . 



„ Amphrisius, W. F. Kirby, Cat. Coll. Diurn. Lep. of W. C. Hewitson p. 1. (1879). 



Ornithoptera Amphrysus, P. H. Gosse, "Clasping Organs in certain Lepidoptera," Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. V. II, Zool. p. 281, 292 (1883). 

 Ornithoptera Amphrysus, Staud. and Schatz, "Exot. Schmett." I. p. 5 (1884). 

 Ornithoptera Amphrysus, Fickert, " Ueber die Zeichnungverhaltnisse der Gatt. Ornith." Separatabdruck aus den Zoolgischen Jahrbiichern, p. 739 (1889). 

 Troides Amphrysus, Rothschild, "Novitates Zoologies:," p. 228, n. 25 (25a) (1895). 

 Ornithoptera Amphrysus, W. F. Kirby, " Handbook to the order Lepidoptera Vol. II. p. 265 (1896). 

 „ „ E. Martin Duncan (in Cassells' Nat. Hist. Vol. VI. p. 51) (1896). 



„ „ V. palabuana, Friihstorfer, Ent. Nachr. p. 44 (1894. 



Pompeoptera Amphrysus, Rippon, in Wytsman's " Genera Insectorum " (Lep. Rhopal Sec. Troides) p. 13. (ig02(. 



The Amphrysus group of Pompeoptera is rather rich in 

 local forms, each of which merits (for convenience sake), 

 a distinguishing name. We have, first, the type form 

 which occurs in Java (especially the Western portion of 

 that large island) ; next we find in Sumatra the form 

 Sumatranus of Hagan closely resembling the type, 

 but with the veins of the lower wings more promi- 

 nently curved in the $ , the yellow adnervular rays 

 less prominent or almost obsolete on both surfaces, with 

 minor alterations of the colour of the abdomen, and the 

 yellow area of the hind wings strongly suffused with green, 

 somewhat like what obtains in cuneatus of Oberthiir. 

 Sumatra is N.W. of Java, and there is no difficulty in 

 understanding that in the two localities, which are com- 

 paratively near to each other, some slightly modified 

 forms (but only slightly) would occur ; though it is 

 remarkable that Oberthiir's cuneatus (a rather smaller 

 insect than the type), also inhabits W. Java. In this 

 latter there is rather more yellow on the anterior wings ; 

 the yellow hind wings are suffused with green, as in 

 Sumatrana, and there are 4 cuneiform discal black marks 

 on both surfaces of the $ . The form ruficollis of Butler 

 from Borneo and Sumatra has less yellow on the upper 

 wings than the type, the adnervular rays are nearly white 

 instead of yellow ; and the posterior wings may be said 

 to be entirely yellow except a delicate lunular black 

 border ; the abdomen is yellow with a faintly pink dorsal 

 stripe. All these possess, as in the type form, a red 

 pronotal collar, more or less hidden by the pilose black 

 of the thorax ; but Druce's flavicollis from Borneo is dis- 

 tinguished only from ruficollis by its yellow collar on both 

 sexes. Now Borneo is a considerable distance east from 



Sumatra and North from Java, so that the presence of two 

 or three such closely allied forms suggests the possibility 

 of many more intermediate links being yet discovered. 

 Another var. palabuana of Friihstorfer comes from Palabuan 

 in Java ; and ruficollis has been taken in Malacca a long 

 way N. West of Borneo, and in Nias, a small island off 

 the nearly central coast of Sumatra. But if we travel 

 onwards to the N.E. and North of Borneo the process of 

 differentiation from the type form is seen to have resulted 

 (in the Philippine archipelago) , in the beautiful Magellanus 

 of Felder, with a $ very like that of the type,_ the 

 hind-wing yellow area being shot on both surfaces with a 

 rich opalescence— which also, only in a lesser degree, 

 appears on the ? . In the 2 2 there are important 

 colour differences, chiefly on the hind wings — also a con- 

 siderable difference on the anterior wings of flavicollis — 

 still greater in Magellanus on all the wings. 



Considered altogether, we may regard all the known 

 forms of Amphrysus, with the exception of Magellanus, as 

 living, roughly considered, within an area bounded by an 

 isosceles triangle — or very approximately 24,000 square 

 miles. 



$ . Anterior wings brownish black with yellow adner- 

 vular rays ; the yellow area with black atoms extending 

 from the subcostal vein to the 1st median branch ; below 

 the latter the yellow is only half the length of the vein, one 

 half of the space nearest the median nervure being occupied 

 by black ; a thin area within the cell at the distal end is 

 yellow ; a yellow discal spot is bisected by the 2nd 

 median nervure ; a yellow discal spot, forming a line on 



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