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variety which I have introduced in PL 56, figs. 3 and 4. 

 Here "the upper wing bears a considerable resemblance to 

 Doherty's nereis, while the posterior wing is very distinctly 

 different in the pattern arrangement. The wing is more 

 strongly dentated than in the type form ; a marginal 

 band of black cones, larger than those of the type form 

 extends from the apical to the anal angles ; an oval black 

 spot is between the 2nd and 3rd median branches above 

 the cone ; 2 faint atomic spots between the 1st discocellular 

 and 1 st median branches ; the marginal cones are finished 

 with black atoms. The basal half of the cell, the costa, 

 and part of the area of yellow between the costal and 

 subcostal nervures is occupied by black ; the abdominal 

 margin and part of the submedian area are dark brown, 

 with a short narrow white streak at near the anal angle. 

 The under surface of the wing is similar to that above, 

 except that the marginal cones are rendered incomplete 

 in shape by whitish atoms, the fringe lunules are rather 

 broader, and a discal row of 5 black spots obtains, of 

 which the 2nd and 3rd are atomic ; there is also a V-shaped 

 white mark on the black parallel to the costal and sub- 

 costal veins. The body of the insect is like that of the 

 ? type ; length of costa 76 mms. The specimen is believed 

 to come from Java, and is in the museum of Mr. H. Grose- 

 Smith, to whom I am indebted for the pleasure of figuring 

 and describing it. 



A J in the collection of Mr. F. Moore is smaller than 

 the usual examples (the length of the anterior margin 58 

 mm.) The anterior wing is smoky Velvety brown ; the 



adnervular rays more than usually light — slightly greenish 

 in tone ; the exterior wing with a basal black cone with- 

 in the cell, and the usual outer marginal bands of black 

 cones, but the yellow is immaculate. This is evidently 

 the type form for Java ; for an example in my own 

 collection from Java is larger. (Anterior margin of 

 anterior wing 66 mms), the adnervular rays very obscure, 

 the basal 5th of the cell is transversely black ; an or- 

 bicular black discal spot between the 1st and 2nd 

 median branches, a larger oval spot united to the apex 

 of the anal angular cones, and between the costal vein 

 and the subcostal branch on the left wing only is a small 

 black dot ; a small yellow apical spot is also on the black 

 of the costa. A second example has the black dot re- 

 placed on both wings by an irregular black spot, and the 

 spot between the 1st and 2nd median branches is only 

 small and rudimentary. This pattern arrangement is 

 like that which generally prevails in most of my examples 

 of the cerberus form, and those I have seen in other 

 collections — though many of the cerberus examples are 

 without any other spot on the yellow of the midwing 

 except the oval spot at near the anal angle, sometimes 

 confluent with the curve of the margin, sometimes 

 separate from it. The cerberus examples are generally 

 larger than in their Japan relatives, and the black of the 

 anterior wings is much deeper and colder in tone. 



An example of the 6* pompeus in the Hope Museum at 

 Oxford has a large apical orbicular spot. 



THE CERBERUS FORM. 



Papllio Cerberus, Felder, " Verh. z. b. Ges. Wien." p. 2gi. n. 31 (1864) id. " Reise Novara, Lep. I., p. 19, n. 10 (1865), ? 3 . Darjiling, Sylhet. 

 Papillo Pompeus, Var. c. P. Cerberus, W. F. Kirby, " Syn. Cat. Diurn. Lepid.. p 520 (1871). 

 Ornithoptera Heliconoides, Moore, " Proc. Zool. Soc," p. 592 (1877), 3 ? . 



Wood-Mason and de Nic^ville, " Journal Asiatic Soc. Bengal," p. 237, n. 65 (1880), 3 ? . Andatnans. 

 Hephaestus, Distant, " Rhopalocera Malayana,"p. 328., n. 2. t., 27, f. 2, ( 5 ) ab. 3 ( $ ), 4 ( $ ), (1885) Malay Peninsula. 

 „ „ Weymer, " Stett. E. Zeit," p. 270 (1885), Nias. 



Cerberus, Fickert, " Ueber die Zeichn. Gatt. Ornith.," p. 732 (1889), $ 5 . 

 Hephsstus, Hagen, " Iris" VII. p. 18, n. 3 (1894), P P- Sumatra. 



Cerberus, " Staudinger und Schatz," Exot. Schmet. I. p. 4, t 2 (1884). g , N. India (Java, local error. 

 Swinhoe, " Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond." p. 311 n. 372 (1893), Khasia Hills in Sylhet. $ $ . 

 Papilio (Ornith.) Cerberus, Robbe, "Ann. Soc. Ent. Belgae," p. 123, n. 1 (1892), Sikkira $ 5 . 

 Troides Helena (d) Cerberus, Rothschild, " Novitates Zoological," vol. II., p. 219 (1895). 



This form may generally be distinguished from the Javan 

 Pompeus by its more elongate wings and darker colouring ; 

 also by its larger size. 



It is found to inhabit continental India, from Sikkim 

 to Assam ; and also Burmah, Sumatra, Banguey, Penang, 

 Borneo, Lombock (Wallace), and the Isle of Nias. Of 

 course the Nias and Sumatran representatives are 

 varieties of Cerberus, just as the Andaman Island form of 

 Heliconoides, Moore, is a recognised and marked variety of 

 Cerberus or Pompeus (whichever we may please to consider 

 the type name to be). In India Cerberus has a wider 

 range than P. Rhadamanthus and is in flight during a 

 longer period of the year. It is found in hot valleys at 

 from 2,000 to 3,000 feet, and flies with a slow sailing 

 about the flowering trees from May to October, 

 according to Elwes, who quotes the species as 

 Rhadamanthus, though it is evidently Cerberus. Accord- 

 ing to Lieut. E. Z. Watson, (communicated by 



Mr. J. A. Murray to the Victoria Natural History 

 Institute), Cerberus (Pompeus Watson) is common at 

 Beeling in Upper Tenasserim, and Poungadaw in Upper 

 Burmah ; at the first locality he found it from January 

 to April, in the second during October and November. 

 Beeling is a village 60 miles north of Moulmein, surrounded 

 chiefly by bamboo jungle, with a fair proportion of large 

 trees. Poungadaw is a small village just across the old 

 frontier, 30 miles North West of Thayetmyo, in the 

 midst of a jungle of low bushes, very inferior to Beeling 

 from a butterfly point of view. 



Among the other localities where Cerberus has been 

 taken, may be mentioned The Khasia Hills, where, 

 according to Col. Swinhoe, it is common ; also at 

 Darjiling and Kurseong, according to Robbe, and Assam 

 generally, Bengal (Felder), Malacca, the Natuna Islands, 

 the Banquey Islands, and Padang, Sumatra, and New 

 Guinea (?) 



