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An example of the 5 in the author's collection is very 

 richly black on both wings— the white very strong, and 

 beautifully scaled ; the hind wing above has no discal yellow 

 spots. The undersurface of the anterior wing very rich 

 grey white ; _ the posterior wings with the transverse band 

 of submarginal spots larger, the lower ones yellow, the 

 upper white ; and the submedian black extends upwards 

 a good way into the yellow. The abdomen above smoky 

 black ; the sides and subdorsum rich yellow and orange, 

 the subdorsal articulations emphasized in black spots. 



Habitat. Manilla. 



My figure is drawn from this example. 



Specimens of the <? range from 45 mms. for the length 

 of the costa to 80 mms., or more. 



There is a great prima facie similarity between th° 

 $ $ of Rhadamantus (or Nephereus), and iEacus (o- 

 Rhadamanthus) , which has often led to confusion in the 

 minds of authors. By observing the following rules the 

 3 3 of the two species may be readily separated : — 



a Anterior wings rounded at the apical angle, Mams, 

 aa Slightly acute at the apical angle, Rhadamantus. 



b The adnervular rays white on the upper surface, 

 JEacus. bb Not so white, but subdued by delicate scaling 

 so as to appear greasy, Rhadamantus. 



c Posterior wings with 3 scaled submarginal short 

 patches above the lower marginal black lunations, JEacus. 

 cc With 4 accuminate scaled patches nearly reach- 

 ing to the cell, Rhadamantus. 



d Posterior wings rounded, and normal relatively in size 

 to the anterior wings, JEacus. dd Posterior wings not 

 rounded but pointed or acute at the anal angle, and 

 smaller and narrower relatively to the anterior wings, 

 Rhadamantus. 



e The abdomen does not extend below the posterior 

 wings, JEacus. ee The abdomen extends below the 

 posterior wings, Rhadamantus. 



f The pattern on the abdomen differs in the two 

 species. 



g The ? pattern resembles that of Minos, gg The 2 ? 

 totally different, the pattern more like those of the 

 Helenus group. 



h Habitat : Cochin China, China, Perak, Siam, &c, 

 JEacus. hh Habitat : Sandwich Islands exclusively, 

 Rhadamantus. 



In an example of the 2 of Rhadamantus in the collection 

 of my friend the Rev. Mr. Fuller, the middle adnervular 

 rays of the anterior wings are only faintly represented. 



POMPEOPTERA HELENA, VAR. LED A. 



Ornithoptera Helena, Vav. Leda, Staudinger, •• Iris," IV., p. 74. (1891.) 



3 . Anterior wings brown black, immaculate, as in Criton 

 undersurface dark warm brown, darkest at the base, grad- 

 uating much lighter towards the posterior margin ; the 

 adnervular light rays just traceable till they reach to near 

 the posterior margin where they are quite defined, well 

 formed by grey scales. The whole pattern can be traced 

 out by careful examination in a good light. 



Posterior wings velvety black, with a fairly broad discal 

 area of rich golden yellow, and i-2rd of the cell, distal 

 end, of the same colour. The veins are all very stoutly 

 emphasized with black, being thicker towards the outer 

 margin ; the arrangement makes the submarginal area of 

 black very broad, as it also does with the submedian. The 

 submarginal border divisions are not dentate or definitely 

 lunate towards the disc, but between the 1st and 2nd dis- 

 cocellular veins the yellow indents the black border, some- 

 what as among the $ $ of Helenus. Undersurface of the 



wings as above ; except that the yellow occupies slightly 

 more of the disc, and its outlines are nearly all scaled with 

 black ; there is also a thin line of yellow atoms running 

 parallel on the outer side with the 3rd median nervule. 



Head and thorax black ; eyes nitid brown ; pronotal 

 collar red ; abdomen light brown above, subdued yellow 

 beneath ; anal valves buff brown. 



Length of costa 71 mms. Length of abdomen or an- 

 tennae 26, and of thorax with the head 17 mms. 



Length of f Ist P a * r : f ernur > 10 ! tibia, 7; tarsi, 9 mms. 



Legs.° H d " " 12 ; " 12 ' » m 



l3rd ,, ,, 12 ; „ 11 ; ,, 14 ,, 



Habitat, Salayer (or Salajer), Island. 



