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O. Urvilliana, " 4 inches long; thick as the little finger 

 (a vague term) ; rich brown ; spines tipped with lake ; a 

 saddle-like cream coloured patch across the middle ; above 

 the head a bifurcated, retractile, urticating process, pink 

 in colour, is protruded when the insect is alarmed." The 

 writer of this paragraph (whose name I unfortunately omit- 

 ted to notice when I copied it) affirms that the larva of 

 JEth. Victoria does not differ from the above description, 

 except in the absence of the saddle-like mark across the 

 middle. 



Feeds on Anstolochias, is yellowish, with a broad dorsal 

 stripe, dilated to a band in the 6th segment, and 8 rows 

 of fleshy spines (W. F. Kirby, "Handbook to the order 

 Lepidoptera," Vol. II., p. 255). 



P. Helena " Larva elongated, thick, slightly attenuated 

 at both ends, with dorsal and lateral row of rather long 

 fleshy tubercles ; the 2nd segment furnished with a horny 

 plate, beneath which the nuchal retractile tentacles lie con- 

 cealed." 



P. Pompeus, Horsfield," Cat. of Lep. Ins. in the E. Ind. 

 Mus." Vol. I., pi. ii., figs. 1, ia gives coloured representa- 

 tions of the larva and pupa of this species. My plate 34, 

 fig. 1, portrays the larva of this species also, from a blown- 

 out specimen. It has 2 light patches on each side of the 

 7th and 9th segments, that on the 8th being situated 

 higher up and rather narrower ; they are burnt sienna 

 colour. Habitat Java, the examples are in the Tring 

 Museum. 



O. Pegasus, PI. 34, figs. 2, 3. Lateral and dorsal views. 

 2 lateral light stripes on each of the 7th and 8th segments, 

 reaching to a little above the dorsal spines. Larva dark 

 rufous brown ; nuchal tentacle coral red. Hab. Little Kei 

 Island. In the Tring Museum. 



P. Papuensis, PI. 34, figs. 5, 6. Lateral and dorsal view 

 with 2 lateral light stripes on each of the 7th and 8th seg- 

 ments — those on the 7th being divided at the lower 

 portion near the prolegs into a second subcircular light 

 spot ; colour dark brown, and velvety. Habitat, German 

 New Guinea. In the Tring Museum. 



The general view of the larvae ante, will suffice without 

 any further description, as the species differ very little 

 from each other in form and structure. I have in my 

 plate drawn the larva slavishly from the blown-out speci- 

 mens, as I thought it best under the circumstances. I re- 

 gret that the lithographic stone on which the plate was 

 drawn had been very coarsely and badly grained, or the 

 result of my work would have been much better. 



ii. PUPiE described. 



So far as I am aware the Pupa of O. Priamus has not 

 been described ; but it probably does not differ much from 

 those of other species. 



O. Urvilliana. " Suspended head downwards beneath 

 a growing leaf, with a silken band round the middle of the 

 body. The leaf protects the larva from sun and rain ; 

 but lest the leaf should be accidently blown away the 

 larva, before entering upon the pupa stage, spins a short 

 silken web along the lower side of the leaf stalk, and se- 

 curely fastens it to the stem from which it grows." The 

 perfect insect emerges in from 14 to 21 days. " It is 

 necessary to suspend the pupa in a vertical position, 

 otherwise the meconium or liquid in the pupa-case, of 

 which there is nearly a teaspoonful,would entirely ruin the 



plumage." Guillemand, " Voyage of the Marchesa" Vol. 

 IL,p.345. 



As a matter of experience I have no doubt that the dis- 

 coloured specimens we meet with, especially of the Pom- 

 pepptera, are the results of this fluid not finding its proper 

 exit, and so staining the wings, as the imago emerges. It 

 is significant that the posterior wings, which are higher 

 up in the pupa case, are generally stained the most. A 

 general supposition is that the stains are caused by 

 damp. I hardly think so. 



O. Prononus. Chrysalis amber brown, slightly angulated, 

 with a blunt sub-dorsal black-tipped spine on each side 

 of the abdominal segments, and some small black spines 

 on the back of the thorax ; a large and almost triangular 

 orange - yellow blotch upon the back of the anteror 

 abdominal segments, the wing sheaths dark reddish- 

 brown, with the nervures well marked." Gervase F. 

 Matthew. The pupa of some of the species are attached 

 to the midrib of a large leaf of a forest tree, and 

 sometimes at a considerable distance from the food of 

 the larva. Before suspending itself, the caterpillar takes 

 care to securely fasten the stem of the leaf at its base to 

 the branch of the tree with strong threads of silk. The 

 silk is extruded from the spinnerets near the mouth 

 of the larva. 



On plate 34 I give figures (some of them drawn from 

 broken or distorted specimens of the following Pupae : — 

 (a) Poseidon, figs. 7. 13, prevailing colours light amber and 

 brown ochre ; the veins within the wing-sheaths very 

 prominent ; the middle segments with a central series of 

 dark lines which also extend nearly to the nth segment ; 

 also a series of 2 black lines on each side near to the 

 spiracles ; the spiracles easily seen along their tract ; and 

 the insect within probably obtains air, as a necessity even 

 to its pupa stage, (b) Pompeus, fig 8. Smaller than the 

 preceding ; extremely angulate, amber and light ochre 

 coloured ; with 6 large and long intermediate segment 

 spiny processes ; the veins in their wing sheaths not 

 very prominent, (c) Amphrysus, figs, g, 10. Smaller than 

 the preceding, but closely resembles it ; colour very pale. 

 (d) Poseidon, v. pronomus figs. 11, 12, amber and brown ochre 

 colours; the abdominal spines short, (e) Poseidon v. aruana, 

 Pupa large ; colours ochraceous and dark sienna brown ; 

 the veins showing strongly on the wing sheaths ; the 

 spiracles and all the markings very prominent. This 

 example and that of figs. 9 and 10 are both in the Hope 

 museum at Oxford ; all the rest are in the Tring museum. 

 (f)Sch. Paradisea, fig. 14 colours ochraceous, burnt sienna, 

 dark rufous brown, and black ; all the markings and parts 

 very conspicuous ; but no essential difference from the 

 other species in structure or appearence. 



For the guidance of students new to the investigation 

 of these Pupa? the following particulars may be added : 

 — the small, narrow longitudinal compartments, arranged 

 like mummy bands, extending from the anterior ex- 

 tremity of the body to over the breast, are the cover- 

 ings of the legs, spiral tongue and antennae ; the head 

 covering is a piece called the cephalotheca ; the wing 

 sheaths situated outside these bands are two broad 

 plates or scales, the pterotheca ; the covering of the 

 thorax, the cytotheca ; the abdomen case is the gastrotheca. 

 The number of segments of the chrysalis is the same 

 as in the larva, and so are the spiracles or breathing 

 organs. The different parts of the perfect insect can 

 generally be recognised in the pupal stage. 



