on the lower wings of the 3 8 we find in Priamus one, and sometimes more, small golden yellow submarginal inter- 

 nervular spots : these may be between any of the veins, or in any part of the submarginal area ; they may be found, one, 

 two, or more, in examples of most of the species, except Urvilliana; always very small, except in Crcesus where they 

 are larger, vary from 2 to 4 or 5. In Crcesus and Lydius also there are always 3 or 4 larger silky golden yellow spots or 

 marks in addition — the largest often occupying nearly the whole of the discoidal cell, and a great part of the costa. All 

 these spots and marks correspond to similar more extensive marks on the undersurface, and transmit the light through 

 the wing. When, however, the submarginal group only appears on the undersurface (as it generally does in full number 

 of spots) without the corresponding marks above, the light is not transmitted. But these spots may probably be 

 intended to serve a similar purpose to those semi-transparent spots of nude-membrane found in the genera Doleschallia 

 and Kal lima, and the larger ones in the wings of the Heterocerous genera Attacus, Anthercea, &c. These spots and 

 marks are quite analogous to the golden yellow patches and spots on the secondary wings of the 3 8 in the genus 

 Schoenbergia, where they have attained their maximum development ; they also appear as square submarginal spots, 

 fairly large, in ^Etheoptera ; but in both genera they are sufficiently distinct from those of Ornithoptera and of each 

 other, to show that the forms of each genus are rightly specialized. Another characteristic of the species of the genus 

 Ornithoptera is this : — If the 8 8 of Priamus and allied species are examined obliquely against the light, the whole 

 of the green area of the wings — especially the anterior wing — will be seen to be shot with opalescence, golden orange, 

 yellow, and different shades of blue and violet, changing according to the obliquity of position from a pale dead salmon 

 tint to the violet, till no trace of green remains, causing the insect to resemble successively both Croesus and Urvilliana ; 

 and the fresher the specimens and the stronger the light, the more intense will these reflections be. On the contrary if 

 Crcesus be subjected to the same positions of light the reflections will be green, so that the insect will appear like a 

 Poseidon or Aruana; Urvilliana only gives salmon or silvery, and slightly green reflections, but a var. exists (a perma- 

 nent var.) Bornemanni, which is really as green as a Pegasus, or a deeper green than a fresh example of Pegasus ; it has 

 also the green scales along the median vein, and its reflections make it in a proper oblique position to resemble Crcesus. 

 It is found in New Britain, and appears to unite Aruana with Urvilliana, and really might be mistaken for anything 

 rather than a var. of the species Urvilliana. The 8 of the species Schoenbergia Goliath has lately been discovered, and 

 named Supremus by Rober, and Elizabethce-Regince by a Hungarian entomologist. It is a combination of the characters 

 of Tithonus and Crcesus ! To those who would group together the forms of Schoenbergia and JEtheoptera it would 

 have been less surprising if it had exhibited a combination of the colour and pattern marks of Tithonus and Victoria. 



Of the different named forms of the genera Schoenbergia and Mtheoptera it is too early to decide upon the 

 number of species which may ultimately be admitted ; probably many more, at least of Schoenbergia, will be discovered ; 

 and probably 8 8 with short tails and gradations of tail may turn up, and unite Tithonus with Paradisea — judging by 

 the discovery of the 3 of Paradisea, v. Meridionalis, which is also tailed (and a remarkable tail it is !) and in many 

 ways so distinct from the type form as to justify a full specific rank being given to it. The most extraordinary forms 

 may yet reward those who explore the archipelagoes and the interior of New Guinea. At present the three forms of 

 Mtheoptera bear, in both sexes, so close a resemblance to each other as to suggest that, while more varieties may be 

 discovered in the Solomon Archipelago, they will only, as Regince and Regis are, be local differentiations from the type 

 Victories. 



It therefore remains for the author to indicate the few changes in the classification of the Sub-family Papilioninse 

 which are indirectly the result of the arrangement proposed on page (6). As the Papilionidse are divided into the two 

 Sub-families Pierin^e and Papilionin^e it will be convenient to regard the 2nd sub-family as being composed of a 

 number of tribes, of which Troides would be one. The 1st of these should contain the genera Mesapia, Gray; 

 Calinaga, Moore; Styx, Staiidinger; and perhaps Hypermnestra, Menetries— a group whose neuration is most like 

 that of the Pierina^, in that it has only 3 branches to the median vein of the anterior wings. 



The second tribe would comprise the genera Doritis, Fabricius ; Parnassius, Latreille ; Eurycus, Boisduyal ; 

 Euryades, Felder ; and Liihdorfia, Ersch— in all of which, except in the first genus, however much they may differ 

 in appearance, at a special period, subsequent to their union with the males, the females exhibit a peculiarly secreted 

 waxy or corneous pouch on the anal segment of the abdomen, which appears to be the result of that union at the 

 time of coition, and the purpose of which is yet involved in obscurity. Mr. Elwes, who has closely studied the Parnassii 

 thinks that the last 4 of these genera should form a separate family, or perhaps he would mean sub-family, — a proposal 

 worthy of considerable respect. It will at any rate be doing them justice to give them the rank of a tribe in the 

 suggested arrangement. 



The 3rd tribe would include the genera Serecinus, Westwood ; Thais, Fabricius; and Armandia, Blanchard. 



The 4th tribe would consist of the genera, Teinopalpus, Hope ; and Leptocircus, SAvainson. 



The 5th tribe would be our Troides, though it would seem that some other genera intermediate between 

 Serecinus and Drurya are needed to more naturally link together the last 2 tribes. The foregoing are suggested, subject 

 to modification, when we get to know more of these genera, and become possessed of the numerous allied species 

 which probably yet remain to be discovered. At any rate the tribe TROIDES will have a secure position, though 

 new forms and even new genera may in the future be discovered and included. 



(8) 



