Group III. Ornithopterina, Rippon. 



[The S S with an abdominal marginal pouch.] Prevailing colours : black and green, and red ; bronzy-blue, 

 green, black, white, and red ; black, red, and white ; and black, white, brown, and red; 2 2 of some species tailed. 

 Types of possibly 2, 3, or 4 genera; — Papilio Crassus, Cram. ; Pap. Sesostris, Cram. ; P. Mylotes, Bates ; Pap. Poly damus, 

 Linn. 



Referring back, in the foregoing table, to Tribe 4, the genus Teinopalpus is made to take its place next but one 

 to the Acrasoid Ornithoptera, the 1st genus of the Tribe Troides. Of this beautiful genus (only one species of which is 

 at present known) Doubleday, in his diurnal Lepidoptera, remarks that " there is little in its structure beyond its long 

 porrect palpi to separate it from Ornithoptera or Papilio, though some of its peculiarities indicate an approach to Thais, 

 a genus in which the palpi are more developed than in any other of the Papilionidas, with the exception of Teinopalpus." 

 It may be added, however, that the whole form of the head in front of the eyes is more prolonged, being equal in length 

 to the distance from the outer extremity of the eyes to the commencement of the pronotum ; but it terminates as a 

 point, i.e., forms a cone covered with green hairs, the base of which may be considered to be either the front of the eyes 

 or the commencement of the pronotum. The palpi are partly covered by this cone, but in both sexes they project 

 beyond. In the Ornithoptera the palpi are quite concealed beneath the viflose tuft which emerges only slightly beyond 

 the eyes. The abdomen in both sexes is unlike that of Ornithoptera in character ; the anal valves of the $ bear little 

 or no resemblance to those of any of the Ornithoptera, and the red antennas are short and strongly clubbed, similar to 

 the black antennae of the Acrasoid Ornithoptera ; the legs also are altogether shorter in proportion to the size of the 

 insect than in the Ornithoptera. The antennas in their form and length, though not in colour, are most like those of 

 Thais, and the same may be said of the form of the front of the head and palpi of Thais when viewed in company with 

 Teinopalpus. But the body differs from Teinopalpus much more than it seems to differ from the Agaristim: moths. 



There is a species of Papilio, P. Anterior from Madagascar, which is remarkable in possessing antennas that like 

 those of Teinopalpus, are brick red, an unusual colour for Papilio, in which these organs are generally black ; but they are 

 long, and gradually thickened towards their apex, being like those of the true Ornithoptera, though they often are 

 pointed straight forward, like those of many of the Nymphalida. There are several points of similarity with the 

 Ornithoptera in P. Anterior, suggesting that if it is not ultimately admitted into their ranks, it would have to be placed 

 very near them. The body or abdomen of Antenor is light coloured — an unusual character in the Papilios, but almost 

 entirely the rule among the Ornithoptera, though becoming less stringent in Pompeoptera, and when they reach the 

 Ornithopterina. The annulations of its light abdomen are well accentuated by the same delicate brick red as that of the 

 antennas and of the villose tuft between and in front of the eyes. The anal valves are almost exactly like those of 

 Ornithoptera in form and general structure ; and the basal segment of the abdomen is black like the thorax, with the 

 2nd and 3rd annuli accentuated with black and brick red. In these respects, except in colour, the body quite resembles 

 those of the Ornithoptera. There are many points of similarity between the legs of Antenor and the Ornithoptera ; but 

 the 5th or terminal joint of the tarsus of the former is proportionally longer than in the Ornithoptera. Of 

 course, although the wings and wing patterns seem very dissimilar from those of the Troides tribe, there are some points 

 that are suggestive. Ultimately, it may be, Antenor will have to be admitted into this tribe, as the type of a special 

 genus ; but at present it will be difficult to say where it should be placed. The author has much pleasure in acknow- 

 ledging his indebtedness to Dr. K. Jordan for first calling his attention to the structure of the <? valves of Antenor, 

 while at the same time expressing his opinion that there were no characters in the genus Drurya that would justify the 

 author in admitting that genus among the Ornithoptera. Though this is contrary to the views of Staiidinger, and other 

 of the Continental entomologists, and he still hopes that he has made no mistake, yet the author has the deepest regard 

 for any opinion expressed by Dr. Jordan on the Lepidotera, because of the immense knowledge, morphological and 

 otherwise, which he possesses, with the advantages of being the curator of probably that most wonderful accumulation 

 of entomological material in the world which has its home in the Hon. W. Rothschild's Museum at Tring. But as 

 every arrangement and conclusion in zoology can, at the best, be only provisional, the author fully anticipates that in 

 the future, when the lepidoptera have been morphologically studied throughout all their families and genera, and their 

 life history entirely unfolded, the whole of our different systems of classification will have to go to the wall, and give 

 place to an arrangement that would surprise us all, if we were privileged to be living on earth at that time. Towards 

 this advance in knowledge Dr. Jordan will, if he is spared for a few years, be sure to contribute more largely than 

 perhaps any of us can at present foresee. 



As it may be thought by some, though no one has suggested it, that the measurements of the legs, wings and 

 other parts of the species described in this work were useless and would be of no value, the author would here observe 

 that though at present there is little prospect of such measurements being of great use, even if carried out on a really exten- 

 sive plan, yet it would be unwise to assume that this will always be the case. The relative measurements of any of the 

 parts of the lepidoptera are not really trivial or useless, though at present they may seem so ; every fact is important ; 

 and such measurements may in the future be the means of bringing us valuable knowledge, if systematically pursued by 

 students of this order of insects. In studying the characters of the Coleoptera, for example many species are created 

 and even genera formed almost entirely on a consideration of the relative lengths of the joints of the tarsi, or of the 

 articles of the antennas. 



To return to the exterior form of the 3- sexual apparatus, which in the Troides is generally very unlike that of 

 the other Papilionidas, with some few exceptions, it may be briefly stated that the valves are attached to the overlapping 

 edges of the 8th or terminal abdominal segment, and consist of a pair of broad plates of a generally ovoid or semi-ovate 

 shape, and the outline of the whole segment usually is more or less trigonal when viewed from above. They are 

 generally pointed at the end, more especially so in the genus Pompeoptera, where, in a state of rest the point of the 



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