margin ; a discal band or row of variously-shaped black spots 7 in number, including the black patch of the anal angle ; 

 the margins all more or less broadly and irregularly black ; a row (between the discal spots and black margin) of golden 

 silky spots in the yellow or yellow-green, and a large cuneiform golden mark or cone with its apex pointed towards the 

 bases, between the subcostal and costal nervures ; the abdominal fold brown, or silvery grey ; the abdominal fringe light 

 burnt-sienna red. 



[Note : Even in the blue, violet, or orange forms of Crcesus or Urvilliana, the underside will always be green, or a 

 strong greenish-blue, and the green may become so golden as to be virtually yellow in the proper light. The black 

 spots and golden spots may vary from o to 7 each : may be very large, or very small ; the cell may become more or 

 less black. In some ancient forms the row of black disc spots may have been united to the black margin, so as to con- 

 stitute a broad black band occupying half the wing ; or the whole wing may have been entirely green on this surface.] 



The thorax and abdomen vary little from the ideal pattern and colour, which is nearly that of Priamus. 



5 . Anterior wings light brown ; the discoidal cell immaculate ; a broad band or system of discal light spots 

 and marks, so arranged as to present the appearance of a double row of irregular-shaped spots or marks, whereof the 3 

 uppermost are the longest and largest, these occupy more or less of the whole middle of the disc ; no marginal band ; 

 white fringe lunules. 



[Note : This band may be broken up in every conceivable manner into large or small spots, varying in number 

 from 2 or 3 to 14, 15, or (rarely) 16; even in the acrseoid 2 of Lydius they are only 17 ; their form and size may be 

 an elongate-longitudinal, cuneiform, lunate, square, or rudimentary ; or the whole band may be absent, and the wing 

 quite brown all over; the cell may have one white mark or patch occupying only a small portion, or the greater part of 

 the cell, and it may be either sub-tetrahedral, oblique, or exceedingly irregular in shape ; it may be divided into 2, 3, 4, 

 or 5 parts ; any one of these parts may be absent, or 2, 3 or 4 of them may be obliterated in one specimen, and the 

 remaining divisions may be at any part of the ideal patch : the division may also be rudimentary, i.e., composed of 

 minute scales, or half-and-half. An Omithoptera may yet be found with the upper wing nearly entirely white : but this 

 is not very probable ; yet the cell of Lydius is almost entirely white.] 



Under surface of anterior wing : the white discal band broken up in the same manner as above, but the inner 

 with marks or divisions are longer, larger, and more hastate ; the cell immaculate ; no marginal band. 



[Exactly the same may be said of the marks in their variation, including Lydius, as above, except that the cell 

 mark is generally more irregularly shaped and rugged than on the upper surface.] 



Posterior wings, dark brown ; a broad discal band of independent hastate light marks, each with a suborbicular 

 black or brown spot, pupilled faintly with a smaller and blacker round spot ; the portion of the light marks below the 

 brown spot warm brown, the margin of the wing darker. 



[Note : This light band may be very much reduced, partly rudimentary, or obsolete ; or extended so as to 

 occupy nearly the whole wing ; it may be also continuous except for the veins ; the black spots maybe deep black; 

 very large or very small ; and the marginal band black ; the light band may be ochraceous below the orbicular spots, or 

 orange, and the band vary from white and cream-colour to ochraceous.] 



Underside of posterior wings, subject to the same rules as above, and the pattern similar. 



[The colour of all light marks may vary from creamy-yellow to a rich orange-yelllow.] 



Thorax black with a green longitudinal mark ; abdomen ochraceous grey, orange beneath. 



[Note. No great amount of variation is found in the colour and markings of the body. Except in the case of 

 Lydius, the discoidal cell is always entirely brown. The wings of all 2 2 may be any depth of brown from light och- 

 raceous brown, to a very deep melanism above and below.] 



At the end of this volume, in the article treating of the geographical distribution of the Omithoptera, the author 

 has endeavoured to convey some idea of the physical conditions of the countries where the species are found. These 

 are naturally very brief and imperfect ; but it appeared to him that in all treatment of such a subject as the geographical 

 distribution of any group of creatures, the more completely the physical and other features of the countries are under- 

 stood, the more likely are many of the zoological problems of the animal world to be ultimately solved ; while much 

 light 'may possibly be thrown upon the subject of which this work treats, even as concerns its more simple points 

 of enquiry. 



While the author has in their proper places acknowledged his indebtedness to all who have lent him examples of 

 species for study or figuring in this work, he feels especially glad to again acknowledge the assistance he has received 

 by the use of the many splendid examples contained in the wonderful collections of the Hon. Walter Rothschild and 

 Mr. H. Grose-Smith— to which he has generally had access as freely as if they had been his own. The value of this 

 privilege may be estimated, when it is stated that Mr. Grose-Smith's collection is a singularly rich one, in 

 Rhopalocera — that in the 1500 to 1800 drawers in which his lepidoptera are contained there are representatives of 



(*0. 



