nise. The males are generally so much larger than their 

 relations from other countries, with a distinct style of 

 colouration and opalescent reflections, and their females 

 are so nearly uniform in the absence of any white spot in 

 the cell of the upper wing on either surface, or if one be 

 present, in its being very small and central, that we seem 

 to know it at once as Priamus, even if we are not informed 

 its locality ; and we never seem to obtain any specimens 

 that are closely like it from anywhere out of Sumatra and 

 Ceram. 



The following from Linnaeus will supply us with the 

 earliest description of this species : 



" Alis denticulatis tomentosis supra viridibus : institis 

 atris ; posticis maculis sex nigra. Vincent Mus. 10. 

 Papilio amboinensis viridi et nigro-holosericeus insignis. 

 Mus. petrop. 664. Papilio Atlas Amboinensis alis 

 superioribus holoserice nigris : institis viridibus. Hab. 

 Amboina. 



" Papilionum omnium Princeps augustissimus, totus 

 holosericeus, ut dubitem pulchrius quidquam a natura in 

 insectes productum." 



[What would he have said had he seen the $ of 

 M. Victoria?]. 



" Corpus 1 : mae magnitudinis. Caput et Pedes nigra. 

 Thoracis latera lineis transversis coccineis. Abdomen 

 flavissimum. Antennas non vidi. 



" Alas primores supra virides margine nigra : macula 

 nigra ovato-oblonga magna disci ; subtus nigricantes : 

 macula viridis parva duplicata in disco ; macula viridis 

 magna disci, versus marginem posticum, in qua Puncta 6 

 nigra oblonga. 



" Secundaria^ supra virides margine nigro : Maculae 4 

 nigrae versus marginem posticum ; macula fulva major, 

 testa ab alis primoribus. Subtus virides margine nigro- 

 dentato ; macular 6 nigrae, rotundatae intra marginem ; 

 macula fulva magis oblonga, ante primores ; margo 

 interior niger, lana ferruginea longissima." 



Body of the first magnitude ; head and feet black ; 

 sides of thorax with transverse scarlet marks. Abdomen 

 intensely yellow. (Linnaeus had not then seen the antennae) 

 Upper surface of the Primaries green bounded by black, 

 with large black oval oblong spots, separated (beneath 

 the disc). [This is the 3 sericeous patch.] Under sur- 

 face darkish, with a small twin spot in the discoidal cell 

 (separated spot) ; large green divided patches towards 

 the hind margin, in which are six oblong black marks. 

 Secondaries : Upper surface green, with a black border ; 

 4 black spots towards the hind margin, and a reddish 

 yellow spot on the upper part of the wing. Under sur- 

 face green with a denticulated black border, 6 black spots 

 somewhat rounded within the border ; and a large tawny 

 yellow spot before the first of these ; interior margin 

 black, fringed with long ferruginous hairs. 



The remarks and description of the species in the 

 Encyclopedic Methodique will be a fitting addition to the 

 above. 



" This Papilio to which Linnaeus applied the epithet of 

 Augt{ste, is, by reason of its beauty one of the first rank 

 among those of the genus of which it forms a part. It is 

 of a large size. The Primary wings are oval oblong, 

 entirely of a heavy or dead velvety black on the upper 

 surface, with two longitudinal bands of a golden green, 



curved, narrow, contracting at each end. The anterior 

 band extends along the side of the anterior margin to the 

 top of the wing ; the other extends the whole length of 

 the opposite and the greater part of the exterior margins. 

 Not far from the inner side of the latter, and equi-distant 

 from the base and the extremity, one sees another 

 brownish patch, large, disposed longitudinally. The 

 under wings are rounded, dentated in an obtuse 

 manner, of a golden green above, with the posterior 

 margin of a velvety black, and preceded by a range of 4 

 orbicular spots of the same colour ; independently of these 

 it has 3 more spots of a shining orange yellow outside, of 

 which the largest is situated towards the base, and the re- 

 maining two near to each other, at a short distance from the 

 top of the anterior angle. The under surfaces of the 

 anterior wings are black, with the spots of a golden green 

 as above. These are 7 in number, namely, 1 irregular in 

 the middle of the cell, and 6 much longer, arranged 

 parallel with the posterior margin in a band which is 

 divided by a black ray, transversely interrupted ; near the 

 top (of the wing) are 2 green longitudinal rays, of which 

 the upper one is the longest. The under sides of 

 the Secondaries do not differ from the upper, except 

 that the black orbicular spots are larger, and number 

 7. The interior margin of these same wings is 

 blackish in part, the other part being furnished between 

 with silky brown hairs. The thorax is of a dead velvety 

 black, with a green ray (longitudinal stripe) ; the two sides 

 of the abdomen are of a beautiful yellow ; the breast is 

 black, with cinnabar red spots on each side ; the head, 

 antennae and feet are black." Hab. Amboyna. 



As the describer had not seen a S of this species, he 

 gives us no description ; and even his S appears as if it 

 might have belonged to some other species. 



There should be no difficulty in separating the type species 

 from any of its congeners. It is nearly always several 

 rams, larger in expanse than any of them — though small 

 specimens may be met with ; but the markings, colour, 

 and general appearance in either sex are usually more 

 nearly constant. The greens of the <? are deeper, with 

 more rich copperery reflections when in good condition, 

 and the discoidal cell of the S is usually without a spot ; 

 or if there be one it is very small, — this applies to both 

 surfaces of the Primaries ; the ground colour of the 2 is 

 also either very dark brown, almost black, or very light ; 

 an example of the latter is given in PL 16, figs. 3 and 4. 



Donovan, in his Nat. Hist, of Insects, edited by Pro- 

 fessor J. O. Westwood, has a fig. of the $ of Priamus 

 settling on a Mimosa Grandiflora. The markings are very 

 diagramatically and neatly drawn, without much charac- 

 teristic detail, though with great power. Of course the 

 underside only is shown. It was from a specimen 

 originally collected by one of the Dutch Governors of 

 Amboyna. The expanse was 8J inches. 



The 2 var. figured in the Voyage of the Astrolabe, 

 Ent. pi. 4, figs. 1 and 2 as from Celebes is not Priamus at 

 all, but the 2 of Pronomus, as may be seen from the 

 presence of the large transverse subquadrate spot of white 

 in the upper discoidal cell. 



On Plate la of this monograph will be found four figures 

 of the $ 0. Priamus to which I would add the following 

 information : — 



Primaries. Costal green band, which changes a little 

 in shape or width in different examples, as is the case 



