68 



lat. approximately. The Aruwimi runs a little more than f East to the Blue Mountains which feed Lake Albert Nyanza, 

 about midway of its length curving to 2° of N. lat., or 3-4ths of a degree farther north ; and reaching its source a little 

 more north of these Mountains, or i° 35' S.W. of Stanley Falls. Probably Antimachus may be found over the whole 

 of this immense distance. Examples are in the Tring Museum from Bopoto (or should it not be Upoto ?) on the Congo, 

 in 21 30' E. long., and 2° 8' N. lat.— 31 degrees N.W. of Yambuyo; and it has been received by Dr. Staudinger, from 

 Stanley Falls. 



These facts therefore give the species roundly and approximately a range of gl° of N. latitude, by i° of S. latitude ; 

 and 13 W longitude by ii° E. longitude. How far inland at or from any of these^points N., W., or East it pushes its 

 territory it is not possible at present to decide, but it must be for long distances. Possibly the species is common over 

 the whole of these districts, and beyond. 



_ The other species of this genus at present known, D. Zalmoxis, is found plentifully at Old Calabar in the Camer- 

 oons, in the Gaboon, at Kabinda (or Kabenda) a very little North of the mouth of the Congo, and also among other 

 places at Isubu, in the Cameroon district. In Angola, South of the Congo (lat. 8° 20' to 9 30' S., and long. 14 to 19 

 E.) this species was taken some years ago by the late Mr. and Mrs. Monteiro : some of the examples being very deep 

 in colour. It also appears to range along the N. and S. banks of the Congo to a considerable distance ; to be fairly 

 common at Stanley Falls ; and it has likewise been found on the mountainous Island of Fernando Po, half a degree 

 West of Cameroons River—an Island whose highest point is 9,350 feet. Probably these mountains were a part of the 

 Cameroons range before the island was separated from the mainland — the highest point of the latter being still greater, 

 or of an altitude of 12,992 feet. 



It is not unlikely that both species of the genus also inhabit tracts of country on the banks of the Niger. 



Old Calabar River which empties itself into the Bight or Bay of Biafra is the largest river on the coast of Upper 

 Guinea. It forms an estuary, with a width of 9 miles, abounding in shallows and sandbanks on small low islands. From 

 this point the river is very winding, and the shores on either side for a good distance from the river banks consist chiefly 

 of swampy and intensly unhealthy ground — which is rarely above the level of the river, where mangroves and other swampy 

 vegetation flourishes. The right, or north bank is intersected by many creeks, by which communication exists with 

 several of the rivers and streams that flow into the Gulf of Guinea between the Old and New Calabar districts and 

 Benin, forming the great delta of the Quorra or Niger,* or extending N.W. and Northward more than 3! degrees from 

 old Calabar. To the eastward of Calabar is the high land of the Cameroons, starting with a peak nearly 13,000 feet high, 

 in lat. 4 13' N., and long. g° 10' E., and uniting with the mountain range that marks the coast northwards. All the 

 parts of the coast of New Calabar for 40 or 50 miles inland, are as swampy and primitive in character as that of Old 

 Calabar. As I have shown in another place a peculiar feature of the Lepidopterous fauna of this coast and for a long way 

 inland, is the prevalence of blue green, olive green, steel-blue with brick red or violet crimson, insects of several families, 

 and the very considerable number of species, especially of Romalseosoma and Papilio that have been 

 discovered in these swampy wildernesses, and in all this part of West Africa, including Ashanti. The coast all the way 

 from Old Calabar River to Betika ba Massongo is so broken up as to give it somewhat of the appearance on a small 

 scale of the fjords of Norway or Scotland, or those on the West side of S. America from the Chonos Archipelago to near 

 Cape Horn. Again, from Ambas Bay to Melimba Town at the mouth of the Sannaga River, a similar character of 

 coast, though not quite so broken up, is met with. Duke Town (Atakpa) is situated on the east bank of this fjord — 

 like Old Calabar River, a little over one degree north of its mouth ; and Creek Town (Okuritungko) — practically the 

 metropolis of the district — a few miles farther in north. A number of other rivers and their branches extend into the 

 country along this coast Northward and North-eastward from Old Calabar to the Cameroons. 



Sierra Leone, from whence the first example of this species was brought must be understood as an extensive 

 British province, and not merely the peninsula, with Free Town as its capital, that was a few years ago thought of 

 when the district was mentioned. Indeed, if the latter area were only taken into account, it would be almost impossi- 

 ble to understand how so grand an insect as D. Antimachus, to say nothing of other fine things, could for so long a 

 time have escaped the notice of Nature's Observers. But the whole province measures about 170 miles from Free 

 Town in a straight line eastward to Kono ; and about 215 miles in a bee line from the mouth of the Sulymah River 

 northward to Falaba. Two branches of the Joliba or Niger seem to reach their source at Temba and Kumba, about 

 50 or 55 miles S. West of these places, while the Rockelle River which empties itself into the sea near Free Town, 

 under the name of the Sierra Leone River, also commences a little north of Temba in British territory. 



Free Town is built on the north shore of the Sierra Leone (or Leona) peninsula, and the 25 miles of this district 

 consist chiefly of a range of conical mountains, from 2,000 to 3,000 feet in height, surrounded by a belt of level ground 

 from 1 to 5 miles broad. Originally the Sierra Leone coast was considered by geographers to extend from Cape Verga 

 145 miles farther north, now a part of French territory. But it practically extends from Yellaboi Island, north 

 of Free Town, to a trifle beyond Sulymah, taking Sherboro Island (another locality of Antimachus) half-way in its course. 

 At Cape Verga, itself high ground, a moderately-elevated tract of hill country begins, extending N. by East and then 

 eastward till it reaches the mountain ranges which surround the table land of Foota Jallon, near n° W. longitude. 

 Along this course the land never rises much more than 1,000 feet, and is much broken by ravines and narrow valleys, 

 especially to the west. A second and continuous range commences east of this point, trending West and East till it 



•One of the native names of the Joliba. 



