GENERAL FEATURES OF THE EARTH. 37 



across, would have nearly the form of a parallelogram. South of 

 Bolivia the Andes correspond to the northeast system, although more 

 nearly north-and-south than usual. 



(o.) Islands of the Atlantic. — The Azores have a west-northwest 

 trend, like the Hawaian chain, and are partly in three lines, with evi- 



Fig. 29. 



^K. 



Azores, or Western Islands. 



dences also of the transverse system. The Canaries, as Von Buch has 

 shown, present two courses at right angles with one another, — a 

 northwest and a northeast. 



Again, the line of the southeast coast of South America extends 

 across the ocean, passing along the coast of Europe and the Baltic ; 

 and the mountains of Norway and the feature-lines of Great Britain 

 are parallel to it. 



(6.) Asia and Europe. — In Asia, the Sumatra line, taken up by 

 Malacca, turns northward, until it joins the knot of mountains formed 

 by the meeting of the range facing the Pacific and that facing the In- 

 dian Ocean. At this point, and partly in continuation of a Chinese 

 range, commence the majestic Himalayas, — at first east-and-west, at 

 right angles with the termination of the Malacca line, then gradu- 

 ally rising to west-northwest. The course is continued northwestward 

 in the Hindoo Koosh, extending toward the Caspian, — in the Cau- 

 casus, beyond the Caspian, and in the Carpathians, beyond the Black 

 Sea. The northwest course appears also in the Persian Gulf, and 

 the plateaus adjoining, in the Red Sea, the Adriatic and the Apen- 

 nines. 



Recapitulation. — From this survey of the continents and oceans it 

 follows : — 



