TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



INTRODUCTION. 



PAGE 



Relations of the Science of Geology 1 



Subdivisions of Geology 7 



PAET I. — Physiographic Geology. 



1. The Earth's General Contour and Surface-subdivisions 9 



2. System in the Reliefs of the Land ' . • . , 23 



3. System in the Courses of the Earth's Feature-lines 29 



4. System of Oceanic Movements and Temperature 38 



5. Atmospheric Currents and Temperature 43 



6. Distribution of Forest-regions, Prairies, and Deserts 44 



PAET II. — Lithological Geology. 



I. Constitution of Rocks 47 



1. Elements constituting Rocks . 48 



2. Minerals constituting Rocks . . . . « . . . .52 



3. Kinds of Rocks 62 



II. Condition, Structure, and Arrangement of Rock-Masses ... 79 



1. Stratified Condition : Structure and Arrangement of Strata ... 79 



2. Unstratified Condition — Veins — Dikes 107 



BRIEF REVIEW OF THE SYSTEM OF LIFE 114 



1. General Considerations 114 



2. Animal Kingdom 116 



3. Vegetable Kingdom . 133 



PAET III.— Historical Geology. 



General Divisions in the History . . . . . . . . 136 



I. ARCHAEAN TIME 146 



1. Laurentian Period 151 



2. Huronian Period 159 



3. General Conclusions 160 



