190 



PALEOZOIC TIME. 



2. Quebec Epoch. 



Over two hundred and twenty species of fossils have been observed by Mr. Billings 

 in the rocks of the Quebec group; twelve of them are also Calciferous species, and live 

 Chazy. 



1. Protozoans. — Sponyes. Calathium (?) pannosum B., C. Anstedi B. (?), both 

 from Point Levis and Newfoundland. Trachium cyathiforme B., from Newfoundland. 

 The genus Calathium commences in the Calciferous. Stromatopora compacta B. and 

 S. rugosa H. 



2. Radiates a. Acalepks ; Stenqpora fibrosa Goldf. Graptolites. Figs. 283-285 



represent the Graptolithus Loyani H., showing, in Fig. 283, the centre of the group, and 

 the furcating mode of branching; in Fig. 284, a portion of a branchlet, and 285, same 

 enlarged. Figs. 286 and 287 are of a leaf-shaped species, the Phyllograptus typus H. 

 Fig. 288 represents a form common on the graptolitic shales, which Prof. Hall, to whose 

 investigations we owe our knowledge of the Quebec graptolites, regards as a young 

 graptolite. b. Echinoderms. The Star-fish, Stenaster Huxleyi B., from Newfound- 

 land. Portions of crinoidal columns. 



3. Mollusks — Nearly a hundred species of Mollusks have been described, twenty- 

 eight of which are Brachiopods, forty-two Gasteropods, twenty Cephalopods and only 

 three Lamellibranchs. Among the Brachiopods, besides many species of Lingula and 

 Orthis, there are others of Obolella, Discina, Camerella, Leptama, Strophomena, Rhyn- 

 chonella, Stricklandinia, Acrotreta. Among the Lamellibranchs are the Conocardium 

 (or Euchasma) Blumenbachii B., Eopteria typica B. (near Pterinea in form), Ctenodonta 

 Angela B. 



4. Articulates Over a hundred species of Trilobites have been described, and 



nearly all by Billings. Of the genera, as he observes, Agnostus, Amphion, Bathyurus, 

 Conocoryphe. Dicellocephalus, Menocephalus, Crepicephalus, Ptychaspis and Bathynotus 

 (very close to Ptychaspis) occur also in the Primordial. Besides these, there are the 

 genera Baihyurellus and Loganellus (Primordial in type); also Ampyx, Ceraurus, Har- 

 pides, Harpes, Nileus, Remopleurides, Shumardia, lllcenus, Asaphus. The Levis formation 

 contains four Calciferous species, viz., Bathyurus Cordai B., B. conicus B., An^hion 

 Salteri B., Asaphus canalis B. ; two Chazy species Ceraums (Cheirurus) prolificus B. 

 and Asaphus canalis. 



Figs. 299, 300 represent Bathyurus Saffordi B., a common species in Canada, and 

 occurring also in Newfoundland and Idaho — 299, the glabella, 300, the pvgidium; 301 

 Baihyurellus nitidus B., from Cow Head, Newfoundland; 302, pygidium of Amphion 

 Barrandei B., id. 



Only one trilobite (Asaphus platycephalus Stokes) of the Quebec group occurs in the 

 Trenton, and this is doubtfully determined (Billings). 



A part of the "Quebec group" of Newfoundland, called Upper Calciferous by 

 Logan, contains the Ostracoids, Leperditia concinnula B., L. ventralis B., Beyrichia 

 Atlantica B. 



3. Chazy Epoch. 



1. Protozoans. — Sponges. — Eospongia Rcemeri and E. varians B. occur at the 

 Mingan Islands. Many undescribed species, of seve-al genera, including Receptaculites, 

 occur in East Tennessee (Bradlev). 



2. Radiates. — («.) Polyps. — Species of Columnama have been described, (b.) 

 Acalephs. — Stenopora fibrosa of Goldf uss. 



(c.) Echinoderms. — The Crinoids include as many known Cystids as Crinids. The 

 following are a few of them: (1.) Crinids. — Palawcrinus strintus (Fig. 304), the body, 

 showing the radiating ambulacral grooves (five) at top; Blastoidocrinus carchai-wedens 

 B., — the genus apparently of the Pentremite family, a family which makes its next 

 appearance near the top of the Fjpper Silurian, and abounds in the Subcarboniferous. — 

 12.) Cystids. — Malocystites Murchisoni B. (Fig. 305), the body nearly spherical (whence 



