DEVONIAN AGE. 271 



Acadian Geology, 2d ed., 1868; also On the Fossil Plants of the Devonian, etc., pub- 

 lished by the Geol. Survey of Canada in 1871). Some species have been described also 

 by C. F. Hartt (Bailey's New Brunswick Geol. Rep., 1865), and by Newberry and 

 Lesquereux. 



Lepidodendron primcevum Rogers (Fig. 525) is from Huntingdon, Pa.; the small 

 Sigillaria Hallii D., Fig. 526, from Otsego County, New York. Species of Psilophyttm 

 have been reported, by Dawson, from the Hamilton and Chemung of New York and 

 Ohio, as well as from Gaspe" and from Perry, Maine. Lepidodendron Gaspianum Dn., a 

 Gaspe species, occurs also in the Upper Hamilton and Catskill beds of New York and 

 New Brunswick. Psaronius Erianus Dn. and Cauhpteris Lockwoodi Dh. are tree-ferns 

 from the Hamilton of Madison County, New York. Arthrostigma gracile Dn. is the 

 name of a Gaspe" plant, much resembling Psilophyton. Psilophyton, Prototaxites, and 

 Arthrostigma are regarded by Dawson as forms becoming nearly extinct in the Middle 

 Devonian. 



The following are some of the St. John species ; those that occur also at Gaspe" are 

 marked with an asterisk, and those also in New York or the West, with a dagger. 



Psilophyton princeps Dn.*f (Fig. 484 B, p. 258), Lepidodendron Gaspianum Dn., 

 Sigillaria palpebra Dn., Stigmaria perlata Dn., Cordaites Bobbiij (Fig. 527), Cyclopteris 

 Jacksoni (Figs. 529, 530) Neuropteris polymorpha Dn. (Fig. 528), N. Dawsoni Hartt. 

 (leaflet over six inches long), Sphenoptens Hitchcockiana Dn., S. Hceninghausi Brngt., 

 S. Harttii Dn., Callipteris pilosa Dn., Hymenophyllites Gersdorffii Gopp., H. obtusilobus 

 Gopp., Alethopteris discrepans Dn., Pecopteris preciosa Hartt., species of Tricho- 

 manites, Calamities transitionis Gopp. (Fig. 531), C. cannaiformis Brngt.; Asterophyllites 

 acicvlaris Dn., A. latifolia Dn. (Fig. 532), Sphenophyllum antiquum Dn.; Dadoxylon 

 (Araucarites) Ouangondianum Dn., besides fruits of the genera Cardiocarjmm and 

 Trigonocarpum. 



A kind of fossil wood from Eighteen-mile Creek, New York, named Syringoxylon 

 mirabile by Dawson, and announced by him as having the structure of an Angiospcrm, 

 is made a Conifer, of the genus Araucaroxylon,hj Lesquereux. 



The figure of Cyclopteris Jacksoni, 529, is from a Gaspe specimen (Dawson). A New 

 Brunswick specimen, figured by Dawson, is ten inches long, and only part of a frond; 

 it has a dozen pinnules (branchlets) like Fig. 529, either side of the stem; and Fig. 

 530, showing the neuration, is taken from it. The genus (sometimes called also 

 Nozggerathia, and by Schimper Palosopteris) is prominently Devonian, it disappearing 

 in the early Carboniferous. Other species are figured on pages 277, 279. These early 

 ferns, with the species of Callipteris, and probably those of Neuropteris and Sphenopteris, 

 kinds that commence during or before the middle Devonian, are probably, as sug- 

 gested to the author by D. C. Eaton, related to the modern Botrychium and Ophioglos- 

 sum, genera having, as Hooker states, the fruit nearly like that of Lycopods, and differ- 

 ing from ordinary ferns also, in the leaf not being rolled into a coil when first de- 

 veloped, and therefore not uncoiling as it opens. This Avould make them intermediate 

 between the Lycopods, the earliest known form of terrestrial plants, and the true Ferns. 



2. Animals. 



The animal remains of the Marcellus are comparatively few, and, 

 excepting the Goniatites, generally small : their small number corre- 

 sponds with the fact that the rock is a fine shale. In the Hamilton 

 beds, which are coarser, and often resemble a consolidated mud-bed, 

 fossils are much more numerous. With the Genesee slate, there is a 

 return to the fineness of the Marcellus, and also in part to some of 

 the same species of shells. The Black shale contains but few fossils ; 

 among them, Lingula subspatulata M. & W., a Discina and a Ghonetes, 

 with remains of Fishes and Crustaceans. 



