284 



PALEOZOIC TIME. 



inence. Goniatites also (a genus of Cephalopods) was a new type, 

 and became well represented before the close of the age. Another 

 genus, Glymenia (Fig. 562), was represented by many species in the 

 Upper Devonian. 



The sub-kingdom of Vertebrates included numerous fishes of the 

 orders of Selachians and Ganoids, as in America. A few are repre- 

 sented, of reduced size, in Figs. 566-570. Figs. 566, 567 represent 

 two of the Placoderms — one that moved, unlike most fishes, by means 

 of side paddles ; and the other, one that sculled with its tail, in ordi- 

 nary piscatory style. 



Characteristic Species. 



1. Radiates. — Among Radiates, there were species of Pentremites, the earliest 

 in Europe of the group of Blastoid Crhioids. The Corals included Cyathophyllum 

 cmspitosum Goldf., Helivlitcs porosa E. & H., Pleurodictyum projblematicum Goldf., Aulo- 

 pora serpens Goldf. " 



2. Mollusks. — Brachiopods included species of Orthis, Strophomena, Atrypa, 

 Rhynchonella, Spirifer, Chonetes, etc.; besides Productus and Stiinyocephalus, which 

 are not known in Great Britain before the Devonian. 



Lamellibranchs were numerous, of the genera Avicula, Aviculopecten, Pterinea, Nu- 

 cula, Conocardiwm ; also of Area, Grainmysia, Megalodon, etc. ; also Anodonta Jukesii, 

 a freshwater species. Fig. 241, p. 173, is the Calceola sandalina (so called from the 

 sandal-like shape of the shell). This genus characterizes the Calceola schist, which 

 underlies the great Devonian limestone of the Eifel. Gasteropoda (all without beaks) of 

 the old genera Murchisonia, Euoniphalus, Pleurotomaria, Loxonema, Bellerophon, etc. 



Figs. 562, 563. 

 563a 



Cephalopods. — Fig. 562, Goniatites retrorsus ; 563, Clymenia Sedgwickii ; 563 a, dorsal view of 



septa. 



There were others also of the new genus Porcelli.a, which is near BeVerophon, and 

 somewhat resembles an Ammonite in form, but has a deep dorsal slit in the aperture 

 of the shell. 



Cephalopods include a few species of the Orthoceras family, — also Nautili, and 

 several species of the new genus Goniatites, of the Ammonite family, and of another, 



