CARBONIFEROUS AGE. 



349 





Species peculiar 



Species peculiar 



Species common 



Genera of Coal Plants. 



to the 



to both 





United States. 



to Europe. 



Continents. 



Diploxylon Cm-da 



1 



2 





TV. Nceggerathia Sternb. 



1 



4 



1 



Whittleseya Newb. 



1 







Cordaites Ung . (Pycnophyllum 









Brngt., Flabellaria sternb.) . 



3 



1 



2 



Trigonocarpus Brngt. . 



16 



4 



7 



Rliabdocarpus Gopp. cf Berg. . 



10 



11 



5 



Cardiocarpus Brngt. 



13 



3 



1 



Pilocarpus Lsqx. 



3 







Carpolithus Sternb. . . . 



14 



4 



1 



Polysporia Newb. 



1 







Walchia Sternb 



2 







Arauearoxylon Kraus (Dadoxjdon 









Endllnger) .... 



3 



10 





V. Spirangium Schp. (Palaeoxyris 











3 



1 





The genera Catamites, Spkenopteris, Pecopteris, Lepidodendron, and 

 Sigillaria have much the largest number of species in Europe. 



According to this table, — for which the work is indebted to Professor L. Lesquereux, 

 — there are in all, exclusive of fruits, about four hundred and thirty- four known Amer- 

 ican species, and four hundred and forty European (and British); and, of these, one 

 hundred and seventy-six are common to the two continents. In other words, about two 

 fifths of all the American species were growing also in the Carboniferous forests of the 

 other continent. 



The type of Cycads was represented in Europe by pinnate leaves 

 of Mesozoic genera. Geinitz has described one species, near Ptero- 

 phyllum inflexum Eichw., as occurring near Barnaoul, in the Altai, 

 along with the Carboniferous plants, Lepidodendron Serlii Brngt., 

 Nozggerathia cequalis Gopp., N. distans Gopp., Sphenopteris anthrisci- 

 folia Gopp., etc. He proposes for it the name Pt. Altaense. Another 

 related Pterophyllum has been announced by Sanclberger as found 

 in the Upper Carboniferous rocks of the Schwarzwald, in Baden, 

 Germany. 



2. Animals. 



The most important additions to the facts already stated, furnished 

 by the European rocks, are those relating to the classes of Insects and 

 Spiders. Besides Cockroaches, there were probably Weevils, as well 

 as other kinds of Beetles, species related to the May-fly and Dragon- 

 fly, and also to Termites. The class of Spiders (or Arachnidae) was 

 represented by Scorpions, Pseudo-scorpions, and true Spiders, as in 

 America. 



The Vertebrates were similar in type to the American, the fishes 



being Ganoids and Selachians, and the Reptiles mainly Labyrintho- 



donts. 



A number of European Subcarboniferous species are identical with, or closely related 

 to, forms common in the American Coal-measures. Thus it is with the following : 



