464 



MESOZOIC TIME. 



Upper Cretaceous of Kansas, related to the Salmon and Saury-pike ; 

 and a Beryx, from the Green-sand of New Jersey. 



Figs. 852-853. 



Squalodont Selachian. — Fig. 852, Otodus appendiculatus. Cestraciont Selachian. — Figs. 853, 

 853 a, Ptychodus Mortoni. 



Reptiles were exceedingly numerous, and many of them of enor- 

 mous size. There were Enaliosaurs, or swimming Reptiles, related to 

 the long-necked Plesiosaur, fifteen to forty feet long; snake-like Reptiles, 

 having short paddles, called Mosasaurs, ten to seventy feet long ; car- 

 nivorous and herbivorous Dinosaurs, some of great size, that walked 

 as bipeds, like those of the Triassic ; others related to the Iguanodon, 

 somewhat like Megatheria in their habits ; Crocodilians, some of old 

 Teleosaurian type, having biconcave vertebras, and others related to 

 the Gavial of the Ganges ; flying reptiles, or Pterosaurs, of various 

 sizes — one, Pterodactylus ingens of Marsh, having a spread of wing of 

 twenty-five feet ; besides Turtles, large and small. 



Among the Dinosaurs, the Hadrosaur closely resembled the Iguan- 

 odon, and was full twenty-eight feet in length. The Lcelaps, twenty- 

 four feet long, was carnivorous, and differed little, if at all, from the 

 Megalosaur, having longer limbs behind than before ; and, as Cope 

 states, it probably was able to stand erect on its hind feet, carrying its 

 head at least twelve feet high. Another, the Ornithotarsus of Cope, 

 having the habit of Lcelaps, is supposed to have been thirty-five feet 

 in length. North America abounded in Dinosaurs, during the era of 

 the Connecticut River sandstone — the Triassico-Jurassic ; and it ap- 

 pears also to have vastly exceeded Europe in the number of its Creta- 

 ceous Dinosaurs. 



Among Enaliosaurs, or Sea-saurians, one, called Discosaur by 

 Leidy (Elasmosaurus platyurus Cope), was fifty feet long, and had a 

 neck of over sixty vertebra?, measuring twenty-two feet in length. It 



