TERTIARY AGE. 511 



■antiquum Mh., in North Carolina; Sulci (?) loxostyla Cope, in North Carolina. In 

 Colorado, Mehagris antiquus Mh., a wild turkey. 



Mammals. — On the Atlantic Border. — Balcena prisca L.; B. palceatlantica L.; Dd- 

 phinus Conradi L. ; Phoca Wymani L., etc.; Elotherium Leidyanus Mh., a gigantic 

 species of the Hog family; Dicotyles antiquus Mh., a Peccary; Rhinoceros matutinus 

 Mh. ; Anchippodus riparius L. ; Lophiodon validus Mh. 



On the Pacific Border, remains of Cetaceans, etc. 



In the Upper Missouri region (White River Group). — Fig. 923, Titanoth erium 

 Proutii L., one of the teeth, — the last posterior inferior molar, — half natural size. 

 Fig. 924, Hyracodon Nebrascensis L., three posterior superior molars, left side, natural 

 size. Fig. 925, Oreodon gracilis L.. skull, young animal, underside; Oreodon Culbert- 

 soni L. ; also, according to Leidy, species of the genera Drepanodon, Hyosnodon, A?n- 

 phicyon, Dinictis, of Carnivores; Anchitherium (A. Bairdii), of Solidungulates; Agrio- 

 choerus [A. antiquus, L., A. major L., etc.), related to Oreodon ; Pcebrotherium (P. Wil- 

 soniJj.), Leptauchenia, Protomeryx, Merycodus, of Ruminants; Rhinoceros, Hyracodon, 

 Lophiodon, Mastodon, of Sthenorhines; CJiceropotamus, LejAochmrus, Hyopotamus, Elo- 

 therium {E. Mortoni L.), and others, of Suillines; Chalicomys, lschyromys, Palceolagus, 

 JSumys, of Rodents. 



In the Miocene (White River Group) of Colorado, besides several of the above species, 

 Brontotherium gigas Mh>, nearly as large as an Elephant, B. ingens Mh., still larger, 

 and Elotherium crassum Mh., two thirds as large as a Rhinoceros. 



In the Miocene of Oregon occur Oreodon superbus L., 0. occidentalis Mh., Agriochm- 

 rus antiquus L., Anchitherium Condoni L., Rhinoceros Pacificus L., R. annectens Mh., 

 Dicotyles pristinus L., etc. 



4. Pliocene. 



1. Mollusks. — Fig. 905, Pecten (Amusium) Mortoni Ravenel; Janira hemicyclica 

 Ravenel; Fig. 906, Area [Barbatia) Mans Tuomey & Holmes; A. lienosa Say; Sconsia 

 Hodgii Con. ; Fig. 907, Cyprma Carolinensis Con. ; €'■ pediculus Lam. ; Conus adversamus 

 Con.; Fasciolaria rhomboidea Rogers; Busycon incile Conrad. These South Carolina 

 Pliocene beds contain, according to Tuomey & Holmes, nine species of Echinoderms, 

 while none are found in the Yorktown beds in Virginia. Corals are rare in the beds of 

 both the Sumter and Yorktown epochs. 



On the Pacific Border, there are many species. They have been described, mostly by 

 Gabb, in a Report connected with Whitney's geological survey of California. 



2. Vertebrates — Fish. — Mylocypnnus robustus L. 



Birds. — The Loup Fork beds have afforded a fossil Eagle, Aquila Dananus Mh., a 

 Crane, Grus Haydeni Mh. ; and those of Idaho, a Cormorant, Graculus Idahensis Mh. 



Mammals. — The Loup Fork region, on the Niobrara, has afforded species of Carni- 

 vores, of the genera Felis (Felis augustus L. ), Canis, Leptarctus (L. primus L. ), etc.; 

 Sthenorhines, of the genera Elephas (E. imperator L.), Mastodon (M. mirificus L.), Rhi- 

 noceros (R. crassus L.), Dicotyles (among Suillines); Ruminants, of the genera Pro- 

 camelus, Homocamelus, Megalomeryx, Merycodus, Cervus, etc. ; Solidungulates, of the 

 genera Hipparion (H. parvulum Mh., of the size of a goat, R. occidentale L.), Proto- 

 Mppus, Merychippus, Equus, etc.; Rodents, of the genera Castor {.C. tortus L.), Palmo- 

 castor, Hystrix. The Equus excelsus L. was quite as large as the modern Horse. 



The Oregon Pliocene has afforded the Suillines, Platygonus Condoni Mh., and Di- 

 cotyles Sesperius Mh., besides Rhinoceros Oregonensis Mh. 



2. Foreign Tertiary. 



I. Rocks: kinds and distribution. 



The rocks of the Tertiary period in Britain are nearly all Eocene ; 

 and the thickness of the beds of this era is over 2,500 feet. Above 



