518 



CENOZOIC TIME. 



Fig. 928. 



with these, various Carnivores, Rodents, Bats, and an Opossum, one 

 of the Marsupials. The Carnivores included a Wolf, Cards Parisien- 

 sis, the weasel-like Cynodon Pai-isiensis, the dog-like Hycenodon dasyu- 

 roides, etc. Remains of about fifty species of quadrupeds have been 

 found in the Paris Eocene. 



In the Miocene, there were Mastodons, .Elephants, and the still 



stranger Elephantine animal, the Dinothere. besides Paleotheres and 



other Tapir-like beasts, new Carnivores, Monkeys, Deer, and the first 



Edentates, but, as far as yet found, none of the Bovine or Ox kind. 



Fig. 928 represents the skull of the Dinothere (Dinotherium gigan- 



teum Kaup), much reduced. The head 

 carried a trunk, like an Elephant, and 

 two tusks ; but the tusks were turned 

 downward. The length of the skull is 

 three feet eight inches. The jaws have 

 on each side five molar teeth, the first two 

 answering to the posterior premolars. 

 There is a mixture of the characteristics 

 of the Elephant, Hippopotamus, Tapir, 

 and the marine Manatus (Dugong), in 

 its skull. One fine skull was dug up 

 at Epplesheim in Germany ; and the 

 remains have also been found in France, 

 Switzerland, and a few other regions. 

 As the Sloth tribe is now confined to other continents, it is an in- 

 teresting fact that, in the course of the Miocene, Europe had its 

 species, the Macrothere, which was related to the African Pangolin 

 (the Ant-eater), but was six or eight times its size. 



All the Fishes, Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals of the Tertiary are 

 extinct species. 



Dinotherium giganteum ( Xi q)- 



Characteristic Species. 



Lower Eocene of England. — Thanet sands. — Ph oladomya cuneata Sow., Cy- 

 prina Morrisii Sow., Corbula longirostris Desk., Scalaria Bowerbankii Morr. 



Woolwich and Reading beds. — Cyrena cuneiformis Fer., C. tellinella Fer., Melania 

 inguinata Dfr., Ostrea bellovacina Lam. 



London Clay (Island of Sheppey, etc). — Nautilus centralis Sow., TV. imperial^ Sow., 

 Aturia ziczac Bronn, Belosepia sepioidea Blv., Valuta Wetherellii Sow., V. nodosa Sow., 

 Aporrhais Sowerbii Mant., Cyrena cuneiformis, Cryptodon (Axinus) angulatum Sow., 

 Leda amyydaloides Sow., Pinna affinis Sow. Vertebrates: Tetrapterus prisms Ag., 

 Pristis bisulcatus Ag., Lamna elegans Ag., PalaopMs toliapicus Owen, Crocodilus tolia- 

 2)icus Cuv. & Owen. Tapir-like Mammals, Lophiodon minimus Owen, Hyracotherium 

 leporinum Owen, Cwyphodon Eocanus Owen ; the Carnivore, Palceocyon. 



Middle Eocene of England. — Nummulites levigatus Lam., Cardita planicosta 

 Lam., Pleurotoma attenuate Sow., Tumtella multisulcata Lam., Conus deperditus Brngt., 

 Lucina serrata Sow. ; Myliobates Edwardsi Dixon, Carcharodon angustidens Ag., Otodus 



