TERTIARY AGE. 519 



obliqmis Ag., Galeocerdo latidens Ag., Lamna elegans Ag. (126 out of the 193 species 

 occur also in the Calcaire Grossier in France.) Reptiles, Palceophis typhosus Owen, 

 Gavialis Dixoni Owen, Crocodilus Hastingsice Owen; Mammals, Dichodon cuspidatus 

 Owen, Lophiodon minimus Cuv., Microchcerus erinaceus Wood, Paloplotherium an- 

 nectens Owen. 



Upper Eocene of England. — (1.) Barton Series. — Mitra scabra Sow., Voluta am- 

 bigua Lam., Typhis pungens Morr., Voluta athleta Sow., Terebellum fusiforme Lam., 

 T. sqpita Morr., Cardita sulcata Morr., Crassatella sidcata Sow., Nummulites variolarius 

 Morr. (variety of N. radiatus Sow.), Chama squamosa Brand. 



(2.) Headon Series. — Planorbis euvmphalus Sow., Helix la by rinthica Say, Neritina 

 concava Sow , Limncea caiulata Edw., Cerithium concavum Desh. ; Lepidosteus ,• Reptiles, 

 Emys, Trionyx; Mammals, Pakeotherium minus Cuv., Anoplotherium, Anthracothe- 

 rium, Dichodon, Dichobune, Spalacodon, Hyamodon (a dog-like Carnivore). 



(3.) Bembridge Series (120 feet thick). — Cyrena semistriata Desh., Paludina lenta 

 Desh., P orbicularis Voltz., Melania turritissima Forbes, Cerithium mutabile Lam., 

 Cyrena pulchra Morr., Bulimu-s ellipticus Sow., Helix occlusa Edw., Planorbis discus 

 Edw; Trionyx; Pakeotherium magnum Cuv., P. medium Cuv., P. 7ninus Cuv., P. 

 minimum Cuv., P. curtum . Cuv., P. crassum Cuv., Anoplotherium commune Cuv., A. 

 secundarium Cuv., Dichobune cervinum Owen, Chceropotamus Cuvieri Owen. 



Lower Miocene of England. —Hempstead beds. — Corbula pisum Sow., Cyrena 

 semistriata Desh., Cerithium pl'icatum Lam., C. elegans Desh., Rissoa Chastelii Nyst, 

 Paludina, lenta, Melania fasciata Sow., M. costata Sow. ; the Mammal, Hyopotamus 

 bovinus Owen. 



Pliocene of England. — In the Coralline Crag, Terebratula grandis Blumb., Lin- 

 gula Dumortieri Nyst, Astarte Omalii Lajonkair, Cardita senilis Gein., Cyprina rustica 

 Flem., Ostrea princeps Wood, Pecten Gerardi Nj r st, Pyrula, reticulata Lam., Bulkea 

 bicatenata, Voluta Lamberti Sow., Echinus Woodwardii Desor, Temnechinus excavatus 

 Forbes. "In the Red Crag, Terebratula grandis, Astarte obliquata Sow., A. Omalii, Car- 

 dium angustatum Sow., Ostrea princeps, Pectunculus variabilis Sow., Nucula Cobboldim 

 Sow., Columbella sulcata Wood, Cancellaria costellifera Wood, Cyprma Europaza Mg., 

 Fusus antiquus Lam. (Trophon antiquum Wood), Nassa reticosa Wood, Purpura tetra- 

 gona Sow., Scalaria Grosnlandica Beck., Voluta Lamberti Sow., Felis pardoides Owen, 

 Mastodon Arvernensis Croizet & Jobert {angustidens Owen), Rhinoceros Schleiermacheri 

 Kaup (incisivus Cuv. ), Tapirus priscus Kaup {Arvernensis Croizet & Jobert), Cervus ano- 

 ceros Kaup. In the Norwich Crag, Rhynchonella psittacea Turton, Nucula Cobboldim, 

 PanopmaNwvegica Sow., Tellina obliqua Sow., Astarte borealis Nilss., Cardium edule 

 Linn., Cyprina Islandica, Pholas crispata Linn, {lata Lister), Fusus antiquus, Litorina 

 litorea Linn., Natica helicoides Johnston, Turritella communis Risso, Scalaria Grosn- 

 landica, Mastodon Arvernensis, Elephas meridionalis Nesti, Cervus. 



Lower Eocene of France. — Argile plastique, many species identical with those 

 of the London Clay. The Bird, Gastornis Parisiensis. The " Sables de Bracheux,"^ sup- 

 posed to be of the age of the Thanet Sands, have afforded the Carnivore Arctocyon 

 primavus Mey. (between Cercoleptes and the Bear). 



The Upper Eocene of France has afforded nearly sixty species of Mammals, of the 

 genera Pakeotherium, Anoplotherium, Xiphodon {X. gracilis) ; the Carnivores, Hyamodon 

 {H. leptorhynchusBlv.), Cants Parisiensis Cuv., Cynsdon Parisiensis Pomel, besides Bats 

 and an Opossum. 



The Auvergne beds, between the Eocene and Miocene in age, contain more Carni- 

 vores in proportion, besides more modern genera. Among them, there are Machmrodus, 

 Hymmxlon, Cynodon, Canis, Amphicyon, Viverra, of the Carnivores; Pakeotherium, 

 Tapirus, Anthracotherium, Hyopotamus, Rhinoceros, of Pachyderms ; Erinaceus, of In- 

 sectivores; Archmomys, Mus, Castor, Steneqfber, Leptis, of Rodents, etc. 



Some of the Miocene genera are Pliopithecus, Dryopithecus, of Quadrumanes; 

 Machmrodus, Felis, Hyanarctos, Hyatna, Canis, Viverra, Mustela, of Carnivores; Mas- 

 todon ( M. longirostris, M. tapiroides Cuv., etc.), Elephas, Rhinoceros, Listriodon, Sus, 

 Anchitherium, Hipparion, Equus, Hippopotamus, of Pachyderms ; Camelopardalis, Anti- 



