562 CENOZOIC TIME. 



in Siberia, on the borders of the Arctic Sea, and of whole carcasses, 

 the meat untainted, encased in Arctic ice, proving that death invaded 

 the region in consequence of a sudden refrigeration of climate. It is 

 also attested by facts connected with early human history. 



According to Von Morlot, the Alps, after the Glacial period, that 

 is, at the opening of the Champlain, subsided one thousand feet ; and 

 the glacier retreated from lower Switzerland to the Alpine valleys. 

 But afterward a second extension of the ice took place, covering again 

 all lower Switzerland, but not the Juras, and making new deposits of 

 loess along the valley of the Rhine. 



Lyell remarks on a parallel succession of events in Britain, and on 

 the second epoch of cold having been coincident with a reelevation of 

 the land. This reelevation probably went forward slowly, through the 

 closing part of the Champlain period ; and it may have ended in carry- 

 ing the surface above the present level. 



The reelevation, before it was fully completed, cut off the Baltic 

 again from the ocean on the north and west ; for, as Erdmann shows, 

 while on the upper terraces the shells of the Baltic coasts include the 

 outside kind, Yoldia Arctica, there are lower terraces from which the 

 open sea species are all excluded, excepting a few Baltic kinds, of 

 which the Mytilus is the most common. 



Terraces occur along the valleys of Great Britain, and of northern 

 and central Europe, like those of North America. A few of those of 

 Great Britain are alluded to on page 555. In Belgium, the gradual 

 elevation, in which the terracing took place, is recorded also in the 

 caverns, along the river bluffs, as stated on page 556. Dupont states, 

 further, that, after the " Mammoth " (Champlain) period, the flood- 

 grounds of the river Meuse, of Belgium, near Dinant, diminished in 

 breadth from seven and a half miles to one-fourth of a mile, — or to 

 one -thirtieth the Champlain breadth, — and those of other streams 

 underwent a corresponding contraction. 



The deposits of the Recent period, after the second Glacial epoch, 

 were made, observes Lyell, when the land stood for the most part 

 near its present level, with the great features of the surface as they 

 are now. The shell heaps (Kj "ohhen-modding or Kitchen-middens) 

 then made, on the coasts of Danish Islands in the Baltic, and at other 

 localities, contain no remains of the Reindeer, showing that the Arctic 

 cold had receded toward its present northern limits, while those of 

 the Urus, modern Stag, Roedeer, Wild Boar, Dog, Wolf, and other ex- 

 isting species are common. 



On the southern side of Sardinia, at Cagliari, beds of recent shells, with bits of 

 antique pottery, are found at heights of two hundred and thirty to three hundred and 

 twenty-four feet above the sea, as described by Count Albert de la Marmora, proving 

 that the region has been elevated to that extent in the Quaternary age, and possibly at 

 the opening of the Recent period. 



