574 CENOZOIC TIME. 



Madelaine, Perigord, and representing the old Hairy Elephant, is 

 here given ; (8) marrow-bones broken longitudinally, in order to get 

 out the marrow for food; (9) fragments of charcoal, and other marks 

 of fire for warming or cooking; (10) fragments of pottery. Relics of 

 the above kinds occur in the deposits of the " Stone Age." 



In later deposits, occur bronze implements, without iron — marking 

 a " Bronze Age ; " and, still later, iron implements, or those of the 

 " Iron Age ; " and here occur, as fossils, coins, inscribed tablets of 

 stone, buried cities, such as Nineveh and Pompeii, etc. 



The " Stone Age," here referred to, is properly the Stone Age of 

 European or Oriental history. The Stone Age, in North America, or 

 a large part of it, continued in full force till within two centuries since. 



The age has been divided by Lartet into — 



1. The Paleolithic era; the Mammoth period of Dupont ; the 

 Champlain period. 



2. The Reindeer era, or second Glacial epoch; or commencement 

 of the Recent period. 



3. The Neolithic era ; a section of the Recent period, following 

 the Reindeer era, and commencing the Modern era. 



The terms Paleolithic and Neolithic were proposed by Lubbock, who 

 recognizes in his work only these two divisions in the " age of stone." 

 The principal facts with regard to human relics are these : — 



1. Stone implements occur intimately associated with the remains 

 of the Cave Bear, Cave Hyena, Cave Lion, the old Ele t phant and Rhi- 

 noceros and other extinct species, with some remains of the Rein- 

 deer and other living Mammals, in deposits of the later if not the 

 earlier part of the Champlain period, — the Paleolithic era, — proving 

 the existence of Man at that time. 



2. Similar implements, along with others of horn and bone, and 

 drawings of animals, and other markings, occur in Southern France, 

 as well as more to the north, in caves and river-border deposits, along 

 with great numbers of bones of the Reindeer, and a number of other 

 northern species, now existing, and also with the remains of the ex- 

 tinct Urus, Elephant, Cave Bear, Cave Hyena, Cave Lion, etc., and also 

 the now living Aurochs, Ibex, Elk, etc., the deposits being those of the 

 Reindeer era, and the Reindeer a colonist there from the north, during 

 this second Glacial era. And, with these relics, human bones and 

 even complete skeletons have been found : the marrow bones of the 

 Reindeer and Aurochs so split as to show that they were broken by 

 Man for the marrow ; and charcoal and other relics of fires, probably 

 used both for cooking and for warmth ; for the weather must have been 

 sometimes, if not generally, cold. 



3. The skeletons, supposed to be Paleolithic, of Southern Europe, 



