776 APPENDIX. 



neous rocks; metamorphic rocks. — 64. Porphyritic rocks — 65. Conglomerate; Sand- 

 stone; Shale. — 66. Tufa; Alluvium. — 67. Granyte. — 68. Gneiss; Mica schist. — 09. 

 Argillyte; Syenyte. — 70. Hornblendic or Syenytic gneiss. — 72. Protogine; Talcose 

 slate; Chlorite slate. — 73. Serpentine; Ophiolyte; Quartzyte. — 74. Limestone, massive; 

 Magnesian, or Dolomyte. — 75. Hydraulic; Oolitic or oolyte; Chalk; Granular lime- 

 stone; Gypsum.— 76. Igneous rocks: feldspathic series; hornblende and pyroxene series. 



VI. Lithological Geology, continued. — Page 79. Stratified rocks; the three 

 conditions. — 79-81. Stratification. — 81. A layer; stratum; formation; terrane. — 

 Origin of strata. — 82. Massive structure ; shal)'; laminated; compound structures. — 

 83. Ebb-and flow structure; flow-and-plunge structure; sand-drift structure. — 84. 

 Ripple-marks; rill-marks; mud-cracks; rain-prints. — 85. Concretionary structure. — 

 88. Jointed structure; joints. — 89. Slaty structure. — 90. Scratches, etc., on rocks. 



VII. Lithological Geology, continued. — Page 91. Natural positions of strata.— 

 92. Consequent principle in Geology. — 92, 93. Dislocations, faults. — 93. Folds or flex- 

 ures. —94. Outcrop; dip; strike. — 95. Anticlinal; synclinal; clinometer. — 96. Faults. 



— 96-98. Results of denudation in obscuring the order of Stratification. — 99. Calcu- 

 lating thickness of strata. — 100. Conformable; unconformable strata. — 101. Time of 

 upturning, how determined; overlap; true order of arrangement of Strata. — 101, 102. 

 Difficulties in the way of determining the order of arrangement. — 102, 103. Determina- 

 tion by order of superposition; precautions. — 104. Second means of determination. — 

 104, 105. Third method; principles on which the value of fossils depends, and the 

 uncertainties connected with the method. — 107. Unstratified rocks : examples. — 108- 

 111. General nature of Veins. — 111, 112. Dikes. — 112. Simple and banded Veins. — 

 113. False Veins. 



VIII. Life. — Page 114. Characteristics of a living being. — 115. The first distinc- 

 tion between a Plant and an Animal; the second; the third; the fourth; the fifth. — 

 116. The sixth ; the seventh. — The Sub-kingdoms of Animals. — Protozoans. — 117. 

 Characteristics of Radiates, and examples. — 118. Id. of Mollusks. — 118, 119. Id of 

 Articulates. — 120. Id. of Vertebrates. — Recapitulation. — 121. Characteristics of Mam- 

 mals, and examples. — Id. of Birds. — Id. of Reptiles, and the two subdivisions. — Id. 

 of Fishes. — Names of Classes of Articulates.- — Characteristics of Insects, and exam- 

 ples. — Id. of Spiders. — Id. of Myriapods. — Id. of Crustaceans. — 122. Id. of Worms. 



— The three Orders of Crustaceans, and their distinctions. — 122, 123. Trilobites. 



IX. Life, continued. — Pages 123, 124. The three subdivisions of Mollusks ; their 

 characteristics, with examples. — 124. Subdivisions of Ordinary Mollusks, with ex- 

 amples. — 124, 125. Peculiarities of Cephalopods. — 125. Peculiarities of the two groups 

 of Cephalates. — Name of the group of Acephals, and peculiarities. — 126. Ascidians. — 

 The two groups of Brachiate Mollusks; distinctions between Brachiopods and Conchi- 

 fers, or the ordinary Bivalves. — 127. Peculiarities of Bryozoans. — The three Classes 

 of Radiates. — Characteristics of Echinoderms. — Id. of Acalephs. — Id. of Polyps. — 

 128. Distinctions of Crinoids and other Echinoderms. — 128, 129. Distinctions of the 

 three groups of Crinoids. — 129, 130. Coral-making Acalephs. — 130. The two Orders 

 of Polyps; formation of Coral. — 131. Characteristics of Rhizopods. — 132. Id. of 

 Sponges. 



X. Life, continued. — Page 133. Cryptogams : Thallogens, with examples, Anogens, 

 Acrogens; the three grand divisions of Acrogens. — The second grand division of 

 plants. — 133, 134 Characteristics of Gymnosperms, with examples. — The subdivisions 

 of Gymnosperms. — Id. of Angiosperms, with examples. — Id. of Endogens. — Dico- 

 tyledons; Monocotyledons. — 134, 135. Algae; Fucoids. — Kinds of Alga? having cal- 

 careous secretions; kinds having siliceous secretions; Desmids. 



Historical Geology. — Pages 136, 137. Three principles characterizing subdi- 

 visions in all history, whether the limits of an Age are marked or not in the rocks. — 

 137. Fourth principle. — 138. Fifth principle. — Sixth principle ; use of the word equiv- 

 alent. — 139. The Ages. — 140. The five higher divisions of Time, and the ages they 

 correspond to. — 141. Basis of the subdivisions into Periods and Epochs. — 145. Thick- 

 ness of the stratified rocks. — 145, 146. Subdivisions of North America into independent 

 regions of progress. 



