APPENDIX. 779 



341. Eosaurus. — 344, 345. Extent of Coal-measures in Great Britain, as compared 

 ■with those of Europe. — 347, 348. Relations of the Coal-plants to the American. 



XXIV. Carboniferous Age, continued. — Page 351. Evidence that Coal is of 

 vegetable origin. — Plants. — 352. Evidences as to the climate of the Coal Period. — 352, 

 353. Atmosphere. — Influence of the growth of plants on the atmosphere. — 353,354. 

 Influence of the climate on the growth of plants. — 354, 355. Geography of North 

 America through the two Epochs. — 356. General conditions. — 356, 357. Evidences 

 as to the phases in the progressing period. — 357, 358. Rate of progress. — 358, 359. 

 Character of the submergences in Nova Scotia and the Interior basin. — 359, 360. 



Recapitulation as to the characteristics of the era. — 360. Nature of Mineral Coal. 



361. Composition of wood and coal. — 363, 364. Change of wood to coal. — 363. Loss 

 in making bituminous coal and anthracite. — 364, 366. Origin of impurities. 



XXIII. Carboniferous Age, continued. — 367. Third Period of the Carboniferous 

 Age. — Origin of the name. — Distribution of rocks in America, and their kinds. — 

 Life. — 368. Evidences as to the origin of the beds. — 369. Distribution of the Permian 

 in Europe. —370. Relations of the. plants to the Carboniferous. — 371. General character 

 of the animal life. 



373. Thickness of the Paleozoic rocks. — 373, 374. Diversities of the three great 

 regions as to rocks. — 380. Id. as to the thickness of the rocks. — 380, 381. Relative 

 duration of the Paleozoic ages. — 381. Life ; system of progress. — 382. First, charac- 

 teristics mentioned of the earlier species. — Second id., with examples. — 383. Third, 

 as to size. — Fourth and fifth, as to the characters of the species. — 384. Example of 

 the harmony in the life of the era. — Methods of extermination. — 384, 385. Charac- 

 teristic animal life of the Paleozoic. — 385. The sub-kingdom of animals to which the 

 long-lived genera belong. 



XXIV. Paleozoic Time. — Page 389. Course of geographical progress. — 390. 

 Mountains. — 390, 391. Rivers. — 391. Evidences as to extent of subsidence in the 

 course of the Paleozoic. — 392. Oscillations. — 392, 393. Uplifts and dislocations. — 

 393. Direction of oscillations. — Relation in direction to the forces acting in Arcfnean 

 time. — 394. Evidences as to cotemporaneous movements in Europe and America. — 

 Contrast between Europe and America. — 395. Results of the disturbance closing the 

 Paleozoic. — 395, 396. Evidence as to extent of flexures in the Coal-measures of the 

 Appalachians. — 398. The whole Paleozoic involved in the flexures. — Facts with 

 regard to the Appalachian flexures. — First; second; third ; fouvth ; fifth ; sixth. — 

 398, 399. Examples of great faults. — 400. Alterations of rocks by consolidation. — 

 Evidences as to debituminization of coal. — Crystallization or metamorphism. — 400, 

 401. Characteristics of the' force engaged -.first ; second ; third ; J'ourth ; fifth. — Change 

 in the scene of geological progress in North America. — 402. Disturbances in foreign 

 countries. 



XXV. Reptilian Age. — Page 403. Mesozoic Time. — Grand characteristics of 

 the Reptilian Age. — The three Periods. — The first Period. — 403, 404. Distribution of 

 the rocks in eastern North America. — 404. Kinds of rocks. — 405. Markings on the 

 rocks. — Rocks west of the Mississippi. — 407. General fact with regard to the life of 

 the American Triassic. — 407, 408. Plants, as contrasted with the Carboniferous. — 409, 

 410. Characteristics of the Ammonite group ; — 410, 411, Articulates. — 411. Classes of 

 Vertebrates represented. — Characteristics of the Fishes. — 412. Kinds of evidence of 

 the presence of Reptiles. — 412, 413. Kinds of Amphibian Reptiles indicated. — 413. 

 Id. of Dinosaurs. — 414. Of Birds. — 415. Of Mammals. — 417, 418. Igneous rocks 

 associated with the sandstone on the Atlantic Border. — 419. Proofs of heat. — 420. 

 Conclusion from the position of the areas. — From the paucity of animal remains. — 

 Id. from mud-cracks, etc. — 421. Id. from the thickness of the beds. — Id. from the 

 trap-dikes, and the tilted position of the sandstone. — 422. Ancient channel of the 

 Hudson River, now submarine. — 423. Condition over the Triassic areas west of the 

 Mississippi. — 423, 424. Distribution of the European Triassic. — 425. Prevailing forms 

 of plants. — 426, 427. Characteristic animal life — Vertebrates. — 429, 430. General 

 observations on the Life. — 430. Climate. 



