780 APPENDIX. 



XXVI. Reptilian Age, continued. — 430. Second Period of (he Feptilian Age. — 

 431. Question as to rocks of this period existing or not on the Atlantic Border. — Id. 

 west of the Mississippi. — 432. Life: Ammonites; Belemnites. — 433. Foreign Jurassic. 



— 434. Subdivisions into three Epochs. — 43G. Characteristic plants; whether Angio- 

 sperms, or not. — 437, 438. Animal life. — 439, 440. Characteristic Cephalopods. — 

 441. Characteristic kinds of Fishes. — 442, 443. Varieties of Reptile life: Iehthyosaurs; 

 Plesiosaurs. — 444. Crocodilians. — 444, 445. Carnivorous and herbivorous Dinosaurs. 



— 446. Pterosaurs. — 446. Kinds of Birds. — 446-448. Types of Mammals represented. 



— 450, 451. Conclusions, with regard to American Geography. — 451. Different char- 

 acter of European. — 451, 452. Characteristic life. — 452. Evidences as to climate. — 

 452, 453. Disturbances and mountain-making closing the Jurassic period. 



XXVII. Reptilian Age, concluded. — Page 453 Third Period of the Reptilian Age. 



— 454. Origin of name Cretaceous. — Epochs in America. — Distribution of the beds. 



— 455. Kinds of rocks. — 458, 459. Change in the vegetation of America with the 

 opening of the Period. — 460. Important Protozoans. — Characteristic Mollusks. — 462. 

 Cepholopods. — Fishes. — 464, 465. Kinds of Reptiles. —466. Kinds of Birds. —469. 

 Rocks of the foreign Cretaceous ; chalk ; flint. — 471. Plants. — Rhizopods. — 472. Spic- 

 ules of Sponges. — 473. Fishes. — 474. Reptiles. — 477. Origin of the chalk. — 478. Id. 

 of the flint. — 478, 479. Conclusions as to American Geography. — 480. Id. Foreign 

 Geography. — 480, 481. Evidences as to climate. — 481. Relative duration of the 

 Paleozoic and Mesozoic. — 481, 482. Geography of North America. — 482. Contrast of 

 Mesozoic with Paleozoic life, as to plants. — Id. as to Crinoids and Brachiopods. — 

 483. Id. as to Cephalopods. — 484. Id. as to Fishes. — 484, 485. Id. as to Reptiles. — 

 485, 486. Id. as to Birds. — 486, 487. Evidence of disturbances during Mesozoic time. — 

 487,488. Disturbances closing Mesozoic time. — 488. Cause of destruction of life clos- 

 ing the Cretaceous era. 



XXVIII. Cenozoic Time. — Page 488. Contrast in life between Cenozoic and Meso- 

 zoic time. — 489. The two Ages of the Cenozoic. — The first of these Ages: its 

 Periods. — 490. Subdivisions of the American Tertiary. — 490, 491. General distri- 

 bution of the rocks. — 492. Kinds of rocks. — 496. Protophytes. — 496, 497. General 

 character of other plants. — 501, 502. Kinds of Vertebrates. — 503, 504. Eocene Mam- 

 mals. — 505. Horses. — 506, 507. Miocene Mammals. — 507, 508. Pliocene Mammals. — 

 511, 512. Foreign Tertiary rocks. — 512. Importance of Nummulites in the foreign 

 Tertiary. — 514. Contrast between the Eocene, Miocene, and more modern vegetation 

 of Europe. — 516. Tertiary Birds. — 516, 517. Mammals. — 518. The Dinothere. — 520, 

 521. American Geography. — 522, 523. European Geography. — 523, 524. Disturbances 

 during the Tertiary in North America. — 525. Id. in Europe. : — Elevation of mountains. 



— 526. Evidence as to climate in America and Europe. 



XXIX. Cenozoic Time, continued. — Page 527. Three Periods of the Quaternary. 



— Drift. — 528. Its distribution. — 529. Its material. — Its source and course of travel. 



— 530, 531. Character and general direction of scratches. — 532, 533. Distribution in for- 

 eign countries. — 533. Fiords. — 554. The two theories. — Arguments for and against 

 the Iceberg theory. — 535. The Glacier theory, ^ow sustained. — 536. An inclined sur- 

 face beneath not required for motion. — 537. Probable head of the New England gla- 

 cier. — 538. Method of abrasion, and of gathering material for transportation. — 539. 

 Aid of icebergs. — 539, 540. Geographical conditions during the Glacial era. —541. 

 Source of the cold. — 542, 543. Second Period of the Quaternary. — General character 

 of the era. — 543. Subdivisions. — Kinds of deposits and their distribution. — 544, 545. 

 Terraces along rivers and lakes. — 545, 546. Character of the Diluvian deposits. — 547. 

 Id. of the Alluvian. — 548. Level of the formations. — 549. Sea-border formations. — 

 550. Their height. — 551, 552. American Geography. — 543, 544. Circumstances attend- 

 ing the Diluvian depositions; the flood. — 554. Exterminations. — 555,556. Champlain 

 deposits in foreign countries. — 556. Third Period. — 556, 557. Kinds of deposits. — 

 558,559. Terraces; their formation. — 560. Geographical conditions in the early part 

 of the Recent Period in North America. — 561, 562. Evidence as to a second Glacial 

 Epoch in Europe and Great Britain. — 562. Terraces; dwindled rivers. 



