796 



INDEX. 



Chemung beds, section of, 277. 



epoch, 254, 276. 



group, 276- 



period. 254, 276. 

 Chert, 73,§ 222, 305. 

 Chesapeake Bay, in the Cretace- 

 ous, 478. 

 Chester group, 294, 295, 378. 

 Chevandier, analyses of wood, 



362. 

 Chico group, 457, 458. 

 Chilhowee Mt., fault in, 400. 

 Chilhowee sandstone, 163, 168, 



379. 

 Chili, recent changes of level 

 in, 584, 585. 



Cretaceous in, 470. 



Jurassic in 433. 

 Ohimasroids, 263. 

 China, Carboniferous in, 345. 

 Chiropters, range of, in time, 



589. 

 Chiton, 385. 



Canadensis, 203. 



carbonari us, 342. 

 Chlamydotherium, 570. 

 Chlorargillyte, 72 § 

 Cblorhydrie acid, 708. 

 Chlorine, 52. 

 Chlorite, 55, § 727, 728, 734. 



slate, 72,§ 729. 

 Choanites Konigii 476. 

 Choeropotamus, 511. 



Cuvieri, 519. 

 Chomatodus, 304, 343. 

 Chondrites, 513. 



Colle.tti,331. 

 Chondrodite, 726, 728. 

 Chonetes, 172,* 228, 243, 249, 

 252, 271, 284. 



cornuta, 224,* 228. 



Dalmaniana, 308. 



hemisphasrica, 261. 



lata, 173.* 



mesoloba, 332* 341. 



ornata, 3U0,* 303. 



setigera, 272,* 274. 



variolata, 300,* 303. 



range of, in time, 386.* 

 Chonophyllum magnificum, 

 261. 



Niagarense, 225* 229. 

 Chouteau limestone, 294. 

 Chrestotes lapidea, 343. 

 Chromic iron, 458. 

 Chronological order of strata 



101.§ 

 Chrvsalidina gradata, 131,* 



471*474. 

 Chrysolite, 57. § 



rocks, 71. § 

 Chrysotile, 55. § 

 Cicadas, 450. 

 Cidaris, 300, 474. 



Blumenbachii, 437,* 449. 



coronata, 449. 



Edwardsii, 44S. 



hemigranosa, 468. 



vesiculosa, 476. 

 Cimolicthys, 467. 

 Cincinnati epoch, 164, 194. 



group, 195. 



region in Carboniferous, 355. 



uplift, 217, 237, 291, 305,355, 

 391, 752. 

 Cinder -cones, 706. *§ 

 Cinders, 66. 702. § 

 Cinnabar, 458. 

 Cinnamomum, 497, 498. 



Cinnamomum affine, 498. 



Mississippiense, 497,* 498. 



Scheuchzeri, 498. 

 Cinnamon, 497, 514. 

 Circumdenudation. 645. § 

 Cirripeds, 120,* 122.§ 



earliest of, 247- 

 Cithara Mississippiensis 499,* 



509. 

 Cladodus, 304, 343, 351. 



maiginatus, 308. 



spinosus, 3ol,*304. 

 Cladonia, 366. 



rangiferina, 366. 

 Claiborne group, 491, 494. 

 Clam, 126,§ 510, 561. 

 Clathraria Lyellii, 450. 

 Clathropora flabellata, 203. 

 Clathropteris, 409, 433. 



rectiuscula, 407,* 409. 

 Clay, 49, 58.§ 



ironstone, 293, 318. 



rocks, 62. 



slate, 69,§ 729. 

 Clayey layers, plication of, 655,* 



656. 

 Clear Creek limestone, 237, 378. 

 Cleavage, 52,§ 627, 737. 



in rocks, 89,§ 627, 737, 746. 



production of, in glaciers, 

 683. 

 Cleodora, 119 * 

 Clepsysaurus Penusylvanicus, 



413, 414,* 417. 

 Clidastes, 468. 



iguanavus, 468. 



intermedius, 468. 



pumilus, 468. 

 Clidophorus Pallasi, 372. 

 Cliff limestone, 221, 237. 

 Cliffs, wearing of, 663. 

 Climactichnites Wilsoni, 176,* 



178. 

 Climate affects g* ographical dis- 

 tribution of life, 609. 



causes determining, 43, 763. 



causes of the serial changes 

 in, through the geological 

 ages, 763. 



change of, at close of Cretace- 

 ous, 488, 521. 



changes of, 754, 757, 763. 



Carboniferous, 352. 



Corniferous, 265. 



Cretaceous, 480. 



Devonian, 289. 



Glacial, 541. 



Jurassic, 452. 



Potsdam, 181. 



Quaternary, 571. 



Tertiary, 526. 



Trenton, 209. 



Upper Silurian, 253. 

 Clinch Mountain sandstone, 



379. 

 Clinkers, 711. 

 Clinkstone, 77. § 

 Clinometer, 95. §* 



use of, for measuring the 

 slopes of distant mountains, 

 18. 

 Clinton American species occur- 

 ring elsewhere, 248. 



epoch, 164, 220. 



iron-ore, 220. 

 Clione, 207. 

 Clupea, 475. 



humilis, 510. 



pusilla, 510- 



Clymenia, 284, 285.§ 



limestone, 282. 



Sedgwickii, 285.* 

 Clypeaster, 509. 



Kogersi, 499,* 509. 



Gabbii, 510. 

 Clypeus Hugi, 118,* 449. 



patella. 449. 

 Coal, 61, § 314, 360. 



analyses of, 316, 493. 



beds, amount of vegetation 

 for, 363. 



beds, thickness of, 313. 



bowlders in, 317,356. 



Calciferous, 186. 



Carboniferous, 312. 



composition of 360. 



Cretaceous, 458. 



debituminized, 400. 



impurities of, 316, 364, 366. 



Jurassic, 435. 



origin of, 351, 360. 



Permian , 370. 



plant-remains in, 317, 321. 



structure of, 314, 359. 



Subcarboniferous, 393. 



Tertiary, 491, 493. 



Triassic, 404, 406. 



workable areas of, 293, 309. 

 345. 

 Coal-fields of N. America, 309. 



of Europe, 345. 

 Coal-making decomposition only 



under water, 362. 

 Coal-measures, 311, 355. 



dirt-beds of, 313. 



division of, 314. 



false, 295. 



section of, near Nesquehon- 

 ing, Pa., 396.* 



section of, at Trevorton Gap, 

 Pa., 396.* 



vegetation, character of, 351. 

 Coal-period, summary of, 359. 

 Coal-plants, 321. 



distribution of genera of, 348. 



growth of, 353. 

 Coaly shale, 66- § 

 Coan, T.,on eruptions on Ha- 

 waii, 713, 715. 

 Coast-barriers, 669 * 

 Coast-formations, 492. 

 Coast Range, 24, 490. 

 Coast Survey soundings, 422.* 



observations on Gulf Stream, 

 658. 

 Coccoliths, 135,§ 459, 471. 611. 

 Coccone.'s atmospherica, 634.* 



lineata, 634.* 

 Cocconema cymbiforme, 634* 

 Coccosteus, 246, 275, 282, 283. 



decipiens, 285* 286. 

 Cochliodus, 301, 304. 



contortus, 301,* 308. ' 



nobilis, 301,* 304. 

 Cockroach, 335, 336, 342, 349. 

 Coecilians, 337§ 

 Coelacanthus, 343, 372. 



elegans, 336* 342. 



granulatus, 372. 

 Ccelorhynchus ornatus, 509. 

 Coffee group, 456. 

 Cohesive attraction, 627. 

 Coins, fossil, 579, 580.* 

 Coke, 61. § 



Cold, sources of, 541. 

 Cold-temperate regions, 41,§ 



609. 

 Coleopters, 351. 



