802 



INDEX. 



Extermination of tribes, fam- 

 ilies, genera, species, 181, 

 209, 384, 487, 542, 554, 746, 

 763. 



causes of, 48 S. 



modern examples of, 579. 



Facial suture, 174. § 

 Fagus, 459, 497, 498, 515. 



Deucalionis, 498, 514. 



ferruginea, 497,* 498. 



polycladus, 460. 

 Fahlbands, 114.§ 

 Fahlunian beds, 513. 

 Falls of the Ohio, coral reef of, 



255. 

 False Coal-measures, 295, 320. 

 Fan-palm, 497. 

 Fasciolaria, 5U8. 



first of, 475, 477. 



buccinoides, 461,* 467. 



rhomboidea, 511. 

 Faults. 93,§ 96. 



origin of, 741. 



in the Appalachians, 184, 214, 

 398, 647. 

 Fauna. See Life. 

 Favistella, 288. 



stellata, 204.* 

 Favosites, 225.*§ 240, 249, 252, 

 256, 259, 283,, 



alveolaris, 207, 247. 



basaltica, 243, 256. 



cervicornis, 243. 



favosa, 206. 



Goldfussi, 259,* 261. 



Gothlandica, 206, 207, 208, 

 230, 243, 247, 249, 256, 265. 



Niagarensis, 225,* 229, 230. 



poljmorpha, 249. 



range of, in time, 386. 

 Faxoe Kalke, 470. 

 Feature-lines, system in courses 

 of, 29. 



evolution of, 744. 

 Feejee Islands, 34, 623, 625. 

 Feldspar, 49, 53,§ 54,* 627, 727, 

 728. 



decomposition of, 687, 690, 

 695. 

 Feldspar-euphotide, 71. § 



porphyry, 71, § 77. § 

 Feldspathic series of igneous 



rocks, 76. § 

 Felis, 519,§ 520, 567. 



atrox, 567. 



augustus, 508, 511. 



leo, 564. 



pardoides, 519. 



spelaea, 564. 

 Felsyte, 68,§ 70.§ 

 Fenestella, 229. 



antiqua, 207. 



prisca, 224 * 228. 



retiformis, 372. 

 Ferns, 133,§ 296, 354, 362. 



ash of, 365, 366. 



in coal-shales, 321, 326,§ 351. 



Triassic, 409. 

 Ferruginous rocks, 64. § 



sandstone, 379. 

 Ficus, 459, 497, 508. 



corylifolius, 498. 



Sternbergii, 459. 



tiliaefolia, 498. 

 Fig, 459, 471, 497, 498, 514 



594. 

 Filling of veins, 731. 

 Findlay, on Gulf Stream, 755. 



Fingal's Cave, 716. 

 Finland, Archaean in, 151. 

 Fin-spines, '^62, § 274. 

 Fiord valleys, 533, 540. 

 Fir-cones in Triassic, 409. 

 Fir, 609. 

 Fire-clay, 312. 

 Firn, 678.5 



Fishes, 121, § 336, 351, 484, 592, 

 594, 595, 602. 



age of. 139. 



classification of, 261. 



first of, 247. 



first American, 261, 262.* 



first Osseous, 442. 



fossil, localities of, 520. 



number of Silurian, 249. 



range of, in time, 140, 388.* 



rarely exterminated, 614. 

 Fish-scales, composition of, 61. 

 Fish-teeth in the Lower Silu- 

 rian, supposed, 208. 

 Fissures, dikes formed in, 714. 



See Fractures. 

 Flabellaria, 349, 497. 



Eocenica, 498. 



latania, 498. 



Zinkeui, 498. 

 Flabellina rugosa, 131,* 471,* 



474. 

 Flabellum Warlesii, 509. 



striatum, 466. 

 Flagging-stone, 267. 

 Flamingo, 516. 

 Flatwoods group, 493. 

 Flexibility of ice, 681. 



of rocks, 740. 

 Flexible sandstone, 73. § 

 Flexures, 760. 



See Plications. 

 Flint, 53.§ 



in Cretaceous, 469. 



origin of, 478. 

 Flint implements, 573. 



localities of, 564. 

 Flinty rocks, 63. § 

 Floods, 636. 



Flood closing the Glacial, 553. 

 Flood-plain of rivers, 558, 638, 



643. 

 Flora. See Plants. 



harmony of, in ages, 384. 

 Florida, elevation of, 624. 



limestones of, 492. 



Tertiary in, 494. 



trend of, 36, 524. 

 Flow-and-plunge structure, 

 546* 



of rivers, 637. 

 Flowers, fossil, 325- 

 Flower-like animals, 383. 

 Fluccan, 114. § 

 Fluorite, or Fluor spar, 58, § 



222, 734. 

 Flustra, 127,§ 474. 

 Flustrella, 466. 



Fluvio-marine formations, 651, 

 669.* 



Fly, 121. § 



Flying lizards, 446. 

 Flysch. 513. 

 Folds. 92. §* 



See Plications. 

 Foliation, 90,§ 628. 

 Foot, 126.§ 

 Footprints, Clinton 224* 228. 



Coal-measure, 341, 343. 



Hamilton, 267. 



Permian, 373- 



Footprints, Potsdam, 168, 176.* 

 Subcarboniferous, 302,* 304. 

 Triassic, 411,* 412,* 420. 

 Foofc-wall, 113.§ 

 Foramen, 169. § 

 Foraminifers, 60, 131,§* 341, 



460, 471, 515, 611. 

 Forbes, E., on colored fossil 



shells, 308. 

 Forbes, J. D., on glaciers, 680. 

 Forbesiocrinus, 303. 

 Force causing volcanic erup- 

 tion, 711. 

 engaged in foldings, 216, 



401. 

 of running water 648, 661, 

 663. 

 Forces, the same through geo- 

 logical history, 6. 

 intensified in Quaternary, 

 587. 

 j Forchhammer, composition of 

 corals, 60. 

 ash of plants, 61. 

 Ford, S. W., on Primordial, 

 ! 167. 



! Forest-bed, 513, 556. 

 Forest-continent, 44, 394. 

 Forest-marble group, 435. 

 ! Forest-regions, distribution of. 



44. 

 ; Formation, 81. § 

 1 Fossiliferous rocks, 62. 

 i Fossilization, methods of, 614. 

 Fossils, 5,§ 47,§ 62, 612. 

 American localities of, 775. 

 chronological data, 104. § 

 distortion of, 98.§* 

 obliteration of, by metamor- 

 phism, 725. 

 Foster & Whitney name Azoic, 

 148. 

 Archaean iron ores, 153.* 

 Lake Superior trap, 185. 

 Fox, 506, 508, 564, 571, 577. 

 Fox Hill group, 456. 

 Fractures, direction of, as re- 

 lated to the tension causing 

 them, 747. 

 origin of, 739, 740, 753, 760. 

 system in, 747. 

 Fragillaria pinnaia, 634. 

 Fragmental rocks, 62. § 



deposits, 758. 

 France, Carboniferous in, 309, 

 344, 346. _ 

 Cretaceous in, 469. 

 disturbances in, 402. 

 flint implements in. 574. 

 in the Quaternary, 555. 

 Jurassic in, 433. 

 Quaternary in, 533. 

 rock-salt in, 424. 

 Second Glacial epoch in, 561. 

 Subcarboniferous in, 318. 

 Tertiary in, 512, 516. 

 Triassic in, 424. 

 Franklinite, 74,§ 152, 156.§ 

 Frazier, P. Jr., analysis of coal, 



493. 

 Freeport coals, 311. 

 Freestone, 404. 

 Freezing, effects of, 674. 

 Frenela, 515. 



Fremy, analysis of lobster-shell, 

 60. 

 analysis offish-scales, 61. 

 Frerichs, analysis of human 

 bones, 60. 



