INDEX. 



809 



Level, oscillations of, in Quater- 

 nary, 586. 



recent changes of, 582. 



See, further, Elevations and 

 Height. 

 Levis formation, 163, 184. 

 Lherzolyte, 70,§ 72. 

 Lias, 434,§ 435. 

 Liassian group, 435. 

 Liassic epoch, 434. 

 Libellula, 441,* 449. 



Westwoodii, 449. 

 Libocedrus decurrens, 526. 

 Lichas, 174,§ 228, 240, 249, 253. 



Anglicus, 247. 



Boltoni, 227,* 229. 



cucullus, 204. 



Hibernicus, 208. 



laxatus, 2u8. 



Trentonensis, 202,* 204. 



range of in time, 388.* 

 Lichenalia, 240. 

 Lichens, 133,§ 331, 760. 



ash of, 365, 366. 

 Life, adapted to conditions, 593. 



characteristics of, 1, 114. § 



destructive effects of, 607. 



distribution of, 139, 742. 



dynamical effects of, 608. 



earliest species, rank of, 382. 



earliest species are water- 

 species, 382. 



extinction of species of, 181, 

 209, 253, 288, 384, 579, 763. 



geographical distribution of, 

 43, 609. 



introduction of, 766. 



kinds of, most likely to be- 

 come fossilized, 613. 



lowest kinds of, the best rock- 

 makers, 614. 



materials of rocks from, 59. 



number of species of, in Silu- 

 rian, 249. 



oceanic, distribution of, illus- 

 trated by the Physiographic 

 Chart, 43. 



origination of species of, 600. 



products contributed by, to 

 rock formations, 612. 



protective effects of, 606. 



relation of progress in, to 

 the physical history of the 

 globe, 593. 



system of, 114. § 



system of, progress of, in the 

 course of geological time, 

 382, 592. 



transitions in forms of, 600. 



transporting effects of, 607. 



Archaean, 157. 



Canadian, 186. 



Carboniferous, 321, 347. 



Catskill, 280. 



Cenozoic, 588. 



Chemung, 278. 



Corniferous, 257. 



Cretaceous, 458, 470. 



Devonian, foreign, 283, 288. 



Hamilton, 268, 276. 



Jurassic, 432, 436, 451. 



Lower Helderberg, 238. 



Mesozoic, 482. 



Niagara, 223. 



Oriskany, 242. 



Paleozoic, 381. 



Permian, 367, 370. 



Potsdam, 169. 



Quaternary, 563. 



Life, Salina, 235. 



Subcarboniferous, 296, 306. 



Tertiary, 489, 496, 514, 526. 



Trenton, 198. 



Triassic, 407, 425. 



Upper Silurian. 245, 252. 

 Light affecting life, 612. 



creation of, 767- 

 Lignite,61,§491,494, 512. 



beds, 521. 



of lirandon, 494. 

 Lignitic group of Rocky Mts., 

 457,490,493,501,508, 523. 



period, 490, 493. 

 Lima, 385, 433, 475. 



gigantea, 429, 438,* 448. 



Hoperi, 476. 



retifera, 342. 



striata, 428. 

 Limaria clathrata, 248. 



fruticosa, 248. 

 Lime, 50,§ 364. 



phosphate of, 59,§ 60. 

 Lime-making sea, 304. 

 Limestone, 49, 02, § 74, § 619. 



from corals and shells, 193, 

 198, 615, 619. 



from Rhizopods, 194. 



metamorphic, 156. 



of Coral islands, 619. 



rate of formation of, 626. 



ratio of, to sandstones, 211. 



source of, 193, 198. 

 Lime-tree. 515. 

 Limnaea, 450, 617. 



caudata, 519. 



elongata, 548. 

 Limnocyon riparius. 510. 

 Limnofelis ferox, 510. 

 Limnohyus paludosus, 510. 



diaconus, 510. 

 Limnophis crassus, 510. 

 Limnoria, 608. 

 Limnosaurus, 510. 

 Limnotherium, 510. 

 Limonite, 59,§ 318, 688, 694, 759. 

 I Limulus, 122,§ 333. 

 ' Lingula or l.ingulella, 119,* 

 126,§ 168, 174, 175, 187, 

 190, 228, 252, 385, 448, 469, 

 592, 594, 597_. 



acuminata, 177, 189. 



antiqua, 177.* 



composition of shell of, 60. 



cuneata, 223,* 228. 



Davisii, 180,* 192, 207. 



Dumortieri, 519. 



family, 170,§* 199. 



Huronensis, 191. 



lamellata, 229. 



Lewisii, 247. 



Lyelli, 191. 



Mantelli, 192. 



Matthewi, 174,* 176. 



nitida, 467. 



ovalis, 60. 



prima, 177 * 



quadrata, 200,* 203. 



subspatulata, 271- 



range of. in time, 386.* 

 Lingula flags, 163, 179. 

 Lion, 416, 564, 566, 567, 571. 

 Liquidambar, 515. 



integrifolius, 459- 

 Liriodendron, 459, 515. 



Meekii, 459* 

 Liskeard group, 292. 

 Listriodon, 519. 

 Lithodomus, 608. 



Lithographic limestone, 294, 378. 



slate of Solenhofeu, 436. 

 Lithological Geology, 7,§ 47. 

 Lithology, works on, 79. 

 Lithophis Sargenti, 510. 

 Lithostrotion, 307, 352, 429. 



beds, 294. 



Canadense, 297, 299,* 302. 



mamillare, 302. 

 Litorina litorea, 519. 



ornata, 449. 



palliata, 551. 

 Littoral zone, 611. 

 Lituites, 203,§ 229, 483. 



Americanus, 250. 



Parnsworthi, 189. 



giganteus, 250. 



Hibernicus, 208. 



lmperator, 189. 



undatus, 203 * 

 Lituola nautiloidea, 131,* 471,* 



474. 

 Lits coquilliers, 512. 

 Liverworts, 133. § 

 Lizards, 121, § 338,§ 592. 

 Llandeilo group, 163, 192, 206. 

 Llandovery beds, 164, 206, 244, 



247. 

 Llano Estacado, 21. 

 Lobster, 121,§ 592, 593, 611. 

 Lob-worm, 120.* 

 Localities of fossils, 772. 



of Tertiary fishes, 520. 

 Locust. 351. 

 Lode, 113. § 

 Loedonian, 435. 

 Loess, 547, 548,556. 

 Logan, W. E., fault along the 

 Hudson, and at Montmor- 

 ency, 214, 215. 



Archaean, 151. 



Joggins section, 319. 



Lower Helderberg, 241. 



Potsdam tracks, 176.* 



Quebec group, 184, 214. 

 Loganellus, 190. 

 Loganite, 157. 

 Logs, 649, 650. 

 Loligo vulgaris, 119.* 

 London clay, 512. 

 Lonchopteris, 348. 

 Longmynd rocks, 179. 

 Longlsland, Cretaceous in, 455. 



Quaternary in, 528. 



sand-hills of, 631. 



subsidence of, 583. 



Tertiary in , 455. 

 Lophiodon, 504,§ 507, 511, 516, 

 517. 



Bairdianus, 510. 



minimus, 518, 519. 



validus, 510. 

 Lophophyllum proliferum, 341. 

 Lorraine shales, 164, 195, 196. 

 Louisiana, terraces in, 548. 

 Loup Elver group, 495. 

 Loven, on Cystids, 289. 

 Low-lands, 15. § 

 Lower Devonian, 254. 

 Lower Helderberg limestones, 

 237. 



American species, occurring 

 elsewhere, 248. 

 Lower Helderberg period, 164, 



236. 

 Lower Magnesian limestone, 



163, 183, 193, 377, 378. 

 Lower Silurian. See Silurian. 

 Loxomma Allmanni, 351. 



