818 



INDEX. 



Plant-beds, 514, 515, 546. 

 Plant-growth of the Carbonif- 

 erous, 353. 

 Plant kingdom, 1. 

 Plantless zone, 609. 

 Plant-remains in coal, 317. 

 Plants, subdivisions of, 133. § 

 affected by climate, 353. 

 and animals, distinctions of, 



115. § 

 in Archsean, 157. 

 in Carboniferous, 321, 331, 



347, 348.* 

 inCatskill,280. 

 in Chemung, 277, 278. 

 in Corniferous, 527. 

 in Cretaceous, 458, 471. 

 in Devonian, 283. 

 in Hamilton, 268. 

 in Jurassic, 436. 

 in Ludlow, 245. 

 in Oriskany, 242. 

 in Permian, 370. 

 in Silurian, 169, 176, 177, 



198, 223, 242, 252. 

 in Tertiary, 496, 514. 

 in Triassic, 407. 

 phosphoric acid in ash of, 61. 

 protective effects of, 606. 

 rank of earliest, 242, 252. 

 Plasticity in ice, 680. 

 Platanus, 459, 497. 498. 

 aceroides, 459, 498, 514. 

 Gulielmse, 498, 499. 

 Heerii, 460. 

 Raynoldsii, 498. 

 Plateaus, 16,§ 21. 

 Platephemera antiqua, 273,* 



274. • 

 Plattendolomit, 369. 

 Platyceras, 240, 243.§ 303. 

 angulatum, 227,* 229. 

 dumosum, 260,* 261. 

 primordiale, 178. 

 veutricosum, 240, 274. 

 Platycnemic tibia, 577. 

 Platycrinus, 240, 303. 

 Saffordi, 298 * 303. 

 Platygnathus, 286. 

 Platygonus Condoni, 511. 

 Platyostoma, 240, 243. 



Magarensis, 227,* 229: 

 Platyrrhines, 610. 

 Platyschisma helicites, 250. 

 Platysomus, 372. 

 gibbosus, 372. 

 macrurus, 372. 

 Platytrochus speciosus, 466. 

 Plectrodus mirabilis, 246,* 247. 



pustuliferus, 247. 

 Pleistocene, 513. 

 Plesiosaurus, 339, § 428, 429, 

 443, 444, 449, 4*50, 464, 474, 

 475, 476, 484. 

 costatus, 428. 



dolichodeirus, 442,* 444, 449. 

 Hawkinsii, 428. 

 macrocephalus, 443,* 444, 449. 

 Pleta, 163, 208. 

 Pleurocvstis squarnosus. 199,* 



203. 

 Pleurodictyum problematicum, 



284. 

 Pleurodonts, 338. § 

 Pleuromya unioides, 433. 

 Pleurophorus subcuneatus, 



368.* 

 Pleurosigma angulatum, 134.* 

 Pleurotoma, 611. 



Pleurotoma attenuata, 518. 



first of, 477, 483. 

 Pleurotomaria, 284, 303, 385 

 Americana, 206. 

 Angliea, 448. 

 Calcifera, 189, 192. 

 calyx, 191. 

 carbonaria, 342. 

 carinata, 308. 

 elongata, 449. 

 expansa, 429, 448. 

 first of, 178. 

 gigautea, 475. 

 granulata, 449. 

 Grayvillensis, 342. 

 gregaria, 189. 



lenticularis, 201 ,* 203, 209. 

 litorea, 223.* k28. 

 Meekaua, 303. 

 spha'rulata, 333.* 342. 

 tabulata, 333,* 342. 

 Pleurotomidae, 509. 

 Plicated rocks, effects of erosion 



of, 646. 

 Plicating force, acting from the 

 ocean, 401. 

 amount of, 401. 

 slow and long continued, 401. ! 

 Plication of clayey layers, 655.* 

 of layers, caused by slides, 

 655. 

 Plications, causes of, 656, 739, 

 761. 

 Appalachian, characters of, 



395. 

 map of axes of, in Pennsylva- 

 nia, 397.* 

 of Archaean, 148,* 155. 

 Plicatula, 475. 

 inflata, 476. 

 placunea, 476. 

 Pliocene, 490,§ 495. 



plants of, in Europe, 515. 

 See, further, Tertiary. 

 Pliopithecus, 519. § 

 Pliosaurus, 443, 444, 449, 476. 

 Plombieres, zeolites formed at, 



734. 

 Plum, 514. 

 Plumbago, 59. § 

 Plumbaginous schist, 68. § 

 Plutonia Sedgwickii, 180. 

 Plymouth group, 282. 

 Poacites, 499. 

 Pocillipora, 620, § 621. 

 Podophthalmus, 475. 

 Podopilumuus, 475. 

 Podozamites lanceolatus, 407,* 



409. 

 Poebrotherium TA'ilsoni, 511. 

 Poecilitic (Poikilitic) group, 424. 

 Pcecilopleuron, 450. 

 Point Levi, rocks of, 184. 

 Poland, Cretaceous in, 470. 

 Quaternary in. 532. 

 Triassic in, 424. 

 Polar current, 41, 658. 



zone. 609. 

 Pole of land-hemisphere, 10. 

 Polishing of rocks. See 



Scratches. 

 Pollicipes, 475- 

 Polycotylus latipinnis, 467. 

 Polycystics, 132, § 496,_615. 

 of Barbadoes, etc., 615. 

 in Richmond Tertiary, 496. 

 Polyhalite, 76. § 



Polynesian chain of islands, 

 '32.* 



Polyps, 127, § 180, 189, 341, 472, 

 598. 

 first of true, 199. 

 number of Silurian. 249. 

 range of, in time, 385, 386.* 

 Polysporia, 349. 

 Polypterus, 282. 

 Polyptychodon, 474, 476. 

 Polythalamia. See Rhizopods. 

 Polyzoans, 127. § 

 Ponent series, 375. 

 Poplar, 459, 497, 514. 

 Populites, 459. 

 fagifolia, 459. 

 Populus, 497. 

 Arctica,498. 

 decipiens, 498. 

 lancifolia, 498. 

 Zaddachi, 498. 

 Porambonites, 171. § 

 Porcelain jasper, 71. § 

 Porcelanyte, 71. § 

 Porcellia, 284, § 429. 

 Porcellio, 120* 

 Porcupine, 508. 

 Porites, 610, 620,§ 621. 

 Porocrinus, 204. 

 Porous rocks, 63. § 

 Porphyritic rocks, 64, § 306. 

 Porphyry, 49, 70,§ 76'§ 730. 

 Portage epoch, 254, 276. ♦ 



group, 254, 276. 

 Porter's Creek group, 493. 

 Portheus molossus, 467. 

 Port Hudson group, 547. 

 Port Kennedy bone-cave, 567. 

 Portland dirt-bed, 435, 436,* 

 452. 

 Oolyte, 435. 

 stone, 435. 

 Portlandian group. 435. 

 Portugal, Carboniferous in, 347. 

 Posidonia minuta, 416, 428. 



Stella, 416. 

 Posidonomya. See Posidonia. 

 Positions of strata, 91. § 

 Post-meridian series, 375. 

 Post-tertiary. See Quaternary. 

 Pot-holes, 643.§ 

 Potamomya mactriformis, 501,* 



508. 

 Potash in plants, 365. 

 Potassium, 51. § 

 Poteriocrinus, 303, 341. 

 Missouriensis, 298,* 303. 

 ornatissimus, 278. 

 Potsdam beds, thickness of, 381. 

 beds overlaid by Carbonifer- 

 ous, 232. 

 epoch, 163, 166. 

 green-sand of, 177. 

 life of, all marine, 169. 

 recent genera in, 174. 

 Pourtales, on occurrence of 



Rhizopods, 671. 

 Pozzuolana, 66. § 

 Pozzuoli, change of level at, 



584.* 

 Praearcturus gigas, 285. 

 Prairies, distribution of, 44. 

 Precious coral, 60, 131. § 

 Prehnite, 734. 

 Pre-meridian series, 375. 

 Pressure against continents, 



745. 

 Prestwich, coal of England, 346- 

 equivalency of coal-beds, 347- 

 Prestwichia anthrax, 350.* 

 rotundata, 350.* 



