824 



INDEX. 



Sponges, Trenton, 202. 



Spongia, 474. 



Spongiolithis appendiculata, 



496* 

 Spore, 133. § 

 Spores in coal, 317. 

 Springs, 653. 



thermal, 401. 



thermal, in metamorphic re- 

 gions, 729. 



thermal, in Tolcanic regions, 

 692, 719. 



sulphur. 234, 268, 689. 



sulphuric acid, 689. 

 Squalodon, 520. § 

 Squalodonts, 46^, 472, 475. 



range of, in time, 589.* 

 Squaloids, 263. § 

 Squalus eornubicus, 60. 

 Squid, 119* 125. § 

 Squirrel, 506. 568, 577. 

 Stag, 507, 517, 520, 562, 567, 



568, 571, 577. 

 Stag family, range of, in time, 



589.* 

 Stalactite, 75. § 

 Stalagmite, 75, § 557, 563. 

 Staphylopteris, 348. 

 Star-fish, 117,* 128,§ 482, 611. 

 Star-fishes, range of, in time, 



386.* 

 Statuary marble, 75. § 

 Staurolite, 57. §* 728. 

 Staurolitic rocks, 64,§ 237. 

 Steam, agency of superheated, 



in metamorphism, 727. 

 Steatite, 55. § 

 Steatvte, 72. § 

 Steffensia, 348. 

 Stemmatopteris, 349. 

 Stenaster Huxleyi. 190. 

 Steneofiber, 519. § 

 Steneosaurus, 449. 

 Stenopora, 189,§ 202, 372. 



fibrosa, 190, 202, 206, 207, 

 247. 

 Stephanocrinus angulatus, 



226* 229. 

 Stephanophvllia Bowerbankii, 



476. 

 Stereognathus, 447, § 571. 

 Sternbergia, 331. § 

 Stevenson, on force of wares, 



661, 665. 

 Sthenorhines, 503,§ 510, 511. 



range of, in time, 589.* 

 Stigmaria, 297, 307, 312,* 325, 

 331,348. 



anabathra, 297. 



ficoides, 297, 324* 330, 331. 



minor, 297. 



minuta, 297. 



perlata, 271. 



pusilla, 278. 



umbonata, 297. 

 Stigmarioides, 348. 

 Stinkstein, 359. 

 Stiper stones, 163, 192. 

 Stockbridge marble, 185, 196. 

 Stockwell, on eccentricity of 



earth's orbit, 697.' 

 Stone Age. 574. 



implements, 573, 574. 



state. 702. 

 Stonesfield slate, 435, 446. 

 Stoss, 531.§ 



Straparollus. 189, 303, 372. 

 Strata, positions of, 91. §* 



dislocations of, 92. §* 



Strata, method of calculating 



thickness of, 99. §* 



order of arrangement of, 101. 

 Stratification. 79, 81. § 



affects erosion. 645. 

 Stratified Drift, 527. 

 Stratified rocks, 62, § 79. § 



formation of, 758. 



thickness of, 145. 

 Stratum, Sl.§ 

 Streug, analyses of melaphvre, 



78. 

 Streptacis YVhitfieldi, 342. 

 Streptorhvnchus Chemungen- 

 sis, 261. 



umbraculum, 303, 307,* 308. 

 Striarea centenaria, 495- 

 Strickland on the Dodo, 580. 

 Stricklandinia, 171, § 190. 



elongata, 261. 



lens, 206, 208. 

 Strike, 94.§* 

 Stringocephalus, 171. § 284, 288. 



range of, in time, 387.* 

 Stromatoeerium rugosum. 202. 

 Stromatopora, 133,§ 189. § 225. 



compacta, 190. 



concentrica, 206, 225,* 229, 

 230, 248, 249. 



rugosa, 190. 



striatella, 207. 

 Strouibian group, 435. 

 Strophalosia. 172,§ 372. 



excavata, 372. 



last of, 373. 

 Strophodonta crenistria, 261. 



demissa, 261. 



perplana, 243, 261. 

 Strophomena, 172, §* 189, 190, 

 199, 284. 



alternata, 200,* 203, 205, 209. 



arenacea, 247. 



Becki, 243. 



complanata, 207. 



compressa 247. 



concentrica, 247- 



demissa, 261. 



depressa, 208.' 



Leda, 206. 



magnifica, 243. 



pecten, 206. 



perplana. 243, 261. 



planumbona, 172.* 



radiata, 239* 240. 



recta. 206. 



rhomboidalis, 206, 226,* 229, 

 240, 243. 247. 248. 



rugosa, 200,* £03, 247,248, 261. 



range of, in time, 386.* 



subtenta, 206. 

 Struckmann, analysis of fern- 

 ash, 365. 

 Structure, from cooling, 70S, 

 716, 722. 



from deposition, 82, § 546, 

 631, 667. 



affects erosion, 645. 

 Structure-mill, 683. 

 Stvlina tubulifera, 449. 

 Stylolites, 222. 

 Styloneurus Scoticus, 285. 

 Stypolophus pungens, 510. 

 Subapennine Tertiary, 513. 

 Subarctic zone, 609. 

 Subcarboniferous period, 291, 

 293. 

 | coal in, 293, 295 

 j Subdivisions of time, table of, 

 142.* 



Sub-frigid regions, 41. § 

 Submarine eruptions, 711. 

 Subsidence, causes of, 761. 

 necessary for the formation 

 of a thick series of strata, 

 625, 626. 

 through the Paleozoic, 391. 

 of N. America during the Drift 

 epoch, evidence against, 

 534. 

 in the Champlain period, 551. 

 of Isthmus of Darien, 756. 

 of the Pacific indicated by 



coral islands, 583. 

 originating the depressions of 



Lake Champlain, 215. 

 modern, 583. 



rate of, in coral islands, 625. 

 of wide extent, 735. 

 Sub-temperate regions, 41. § 

 Subterranean waters, 653. 

 Sub-torrid regions, 41. § 

 Sub-tropical zone, 609. 

 Subulites, 203. 

 Suchosaurus, 450. 

 Suessonian group, 513- 

 Suffolk crag, 513. 

 Suillines, 511. 

 Sula loxostyla, 511. 

 Sulphids of iron, decomposition 



of, 688. 

 Sulphur, 52,§ 365. 

 in coals, 317. 

 springs, 234, 268, 689. 

 Sulphuric acid, 234, 691, 695. 



acid springs, 689, 691. 

 Sumter period, 490, 495. 

 Sun a source of heat, 697. 

 Superposition, order of, 103. 

 Surcula, 508. 

 Surface-forms of continents, 



23. § 

 Surface subdivisions, 15. § 

 1 Surgent series, 375. 

 Surirella eraticula, 634.* 

 Sus, 519, 520. 

 Swallows, 516. 

 Swallow, G. C, on Rocks of 



Missouri, 183, 374, 378. 

 Swallow & Hawn on Permian, 



367. 

 Sweden, recent change of level 

 in, 582. 

 Archsean in, 151, 157. 

 Cretaceous in, 469. 

 in the Quaternary, 555. 

 iron-mines of, 154. 

 Primordial in, 179- 

 Quaternary in, 532, 556. 

 Silurian in, 207, 245. 

 Swimming Saurians, S39.§ 

 Switzerland, Cretaceous in 

 470. 

 glacier regions of, 675, 676. 

 grtat glacier of, 533, 562. 

 lake-dwellings in, 576. 

 Quaternary in, 533. 

 Tertiary in, 512. 

 Triassic in, 424. 

 Sword-fishes, 509. 

 Sycamore, 459. 

 Syenyte, 69.§ 

 Syenytic gneiss, 70. § 

 igneous rocks, 77. § 

 Svmplocos, 515. 

 Synclinal, 95,§* 645, 750. 

 Synclinorium, 749, 751. 

 Syncoryna, 117.*§ 

 Synedra ulna, 634.* 



