TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



n. 



m. 



IV. 



2. Foreign 



3. Geographical and Physical 



Conditions and Progress . 

 Lower Silurian Era .... 



1. North American .... 



2. European 



3. General Observations : 



Eocks ; Climate ; Biologi- 

 cal Progress 



4. Upturning at the close of the 



Lower Silurian . . 

 Upper Silurian Era . . 

 1. North American . . 



1. Niagara Period 



2. Onondaga Period . 



3. Lower Helderberg Period 



Foreign 



General Observations : Geo- 

 logical ; Geographical ; 



2. 

 3. 



Biological 



2. 

 3. 



Devonian Era 



1. North American .... 



1. Oriskany Period . . . 



2. Corniferous Period . 



3. Hamilton Period . . . 



4. Chemung Period . . . 



Foreign 



General Observations : Geo- 

 logical ; Geographical . . 



4. Upturning at the close of 

 the Devonian .... 



V. Carbonic Era 



1. North American .... 



1. Subcarboniferous Period 



2. Carboniferous Period 



3. Permian Period . . , 



Foreign 



General Observations : Geo- 

 logical and Geographical ; 

 Meteorological ; Forma- 

 tion of Coal .... 



General Observations on Paleozoic 

 Time 



Post-Paleozoic, or Appalachian, 

 Revolution 



2. 

 3. 



PAGE 



480 



483 

 489 

 489 

 517 



524 



526 

 635 

 535 



538 

 552 

 558 

 583 



570 

 575 

 575 

 577 

 579 

 592 

 602 

 622 



628 



630 

 631 

 633 

 6.36 

 647 

 660 

 693 



708 

 714 



728 



Topographic Changes in the Indian 

 Ocean : Gondw^na Land . . . 



737 



IIL MESOZOIC TIME 738 



739 



768 



5. Foreign 



6 



1. American Triassic and Jurassic 

 Period 



2. Foreign Triassic and Jurassic . 



3. General Observations : Conti- 

 nental Comparisons ; Cli- 

 mate ; Biological Changes ; 

 Upturnings and Mountain- 

 making 791 



4. American Cretaceous Period . 812 

 856 



General Observations : Geologi- 

 cal ; Geographical ; Biolog- 

 ical ; Gondwana Land . . 867 

 Post-Mesozoic Revolution . . . 874 



IV. CENOZOIC TIME 879 



I. Tertiary Era 879 



1. North American .... 880 



2. Foreign 919 



3. General Observations : Bio- 



logical ; Orogenic and 

 Epeirogenic ; Climate . 928 



II. Quaternary Era 940 



1. Glacial Period 943 



1. American 943 



2. Foreign 975 



3. Cause of Glacial Climate 978 



2. Champlain Period . . . 981 



1. American 981 



2. Foreign 995 



3. Pleistocene Life .... 997 



4. Recent Period 1012 



General Observations : Biolog- 

 ical ; Antarctic Continent ; 

 Epeirogenic 1016 



General Observations on Geological 



History 1023 



Geological Time 1023 



Climate ; the Earth's Development . 1026 



Progress in the Earth's Life .... 1028 



