226 



DYNAMICAL GEOLOGY. 



includes, besides the tidal waters of the bay and river, the river waters 

 of the Hudson and of the New Jersey streams, with the important addition 

 of the high-tide overflow from Long Island Sound ; and the southern channel 

 into the bay is the deepest, apparently because the New Jersey streams 

 empty into the lower bay nearly abreast of this entrance. Large tidal 

 grounds about a harbor are more essential even than a great river for the 

 best conditions of harbor entrances ; and any encroachment on the limits in 

 New York Bay is carefully guarded against. The depth over the surface of 

 the bars is mostly between 3 and 10 feet. 



198. 



r>y//y//y//////y//i '////. '-/r/y^r/iy/y.' ' a 



S>4> brook 









■- ~ - - ' 21 



W 20 ia 2o 



22 2-1 -2u<\\\'-\,ur~y'^yi 21 



31 33 24 25 j, 



30 

 19 



31 31 



36 



30 



31 30 16 ©'40 



30 



30 



45 42 33 31 



42 



25 



24 

 21 21 21 22 



o, „ 21..'-.. 1^ 14 



1S>4 



15Ji 

 19Ji 



21..Si 



'5'~;.-::j7 5S-'24 



13Ji 



Mouth of Connecticut. 



199. 



S'/,.//yy///yx^yyyyyyyyyyy/yyyyyyyyyy/yy-yyy//^//:yY7. 



■'/^yyyyyyyyyyy''yyj i/yy/y^^^^ 



■Morris 



#^''" , V^/13 1313 \ 10' yC< 



-' ^ / i 14 '11 y~ 

 _ 1 4 5-' 9 /'la i«i3,'/ 



^ .-/ y: o 11 ' 8 o) ,, V * /-X 





3 » 1/-—-- Xlo _ 



11 n .^13Vl» W6,ii--'--V__ 



" -^ 1* 21 ^ i4i^"n™^ y 



21 ,, i9-> 16 V;" 21 --■'-' iF.V/.r 



25 



24 19 



'^/■1-' 



27 24 



30 27 

 27 

 27 



-- 21 „ 

 27 21 



,2! 21 ^ 24 19 



■ ( ' 27 ,. 24 21 21 



19 '>!,^'*''E.9^"^^27 22^^30 



19 27 *"• 31 



22 30 27 27 "' 



39 



39 34 



28 2J 21 21 36 



30 30 27 24 22 -^ 40 



30 28 ^ 27 „, 25 23 39 % 



33 ** 39 36 



Harbor of New Haven. 



Over the bars at the mouth of the Columbia River, Oregon, occurs the 

 same small depth. A vessel ran aground on the outer bar on July 18, 1841, 

 and, after passing a night of calm weather, but of heavy and disastrous toss- 

 ings as the waves of the Pacific rolled in during the progress of the rising 

 tide, lay quiet at daybreak Avhen the tide was out, fixed in the sands, with a 

 belt of dry sand around her. The next day, she was an abandoned wreck. 

 (D., Notebook, 1841.) 



The mouths of the Connecticut and Housatonic rivers, and New Haven Harbor, whose 

 positions are shown on the map on page 211, afford excellent illustrations of this subject. 

 The depths in the figures are in feet ; the lines mark depths of 6, 12, 18, and 24 feet. 



The mouth and sand-bars of the Connecticut River are represented in Fig. 198. The 

 river is the largest of New England, and supplies abundant water and much sediment. 



